Clinical Skills and Approaches
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History and Examination in Ophthalmology
A) HISTORY Besides chief complaints, other portion of history is similar to the one you prepare in internal medicine. 1. Description of symptom (SOCRATES): S – Site (Unilateral or Bilateral) O- Onset C – Character R – Radiation (if applicable) A – Aggravating and relieving factors T – Timing and…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
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Lhermitte’s Sign
Synonym: Lhermitte’s phenomenon, Barber chair phenomenon Definition of Lhermitte’s Sign Lhermitte’s sign (pronounced Ler-meets) is an electric shock-like sensations, spreading along the spine in a cervico-caudal direction and into the arms and legs felt upon active or passive flexion of the neck. Reverse Lhermitte’s Sign is defined when symptoms are…
Clinical Skills and Approaches
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Perioperative Fluid Management
Author: Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, KISTMCTH A) RELEVANT ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Details of the body fluid compartments are described here Microvessels for fluid exchange: The Exchange Vessels – capillaries and most proximal part of the venules Sinusoidal capillaries (liver, spleen, bone marrow): freely permeable to all solutes Fenestrated capillaries (glands, glomeruli, GIT):…
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