A) Epidemiology: B) Mechanism of Injury: C) Classifications: a. Milch: Fracture line based – b. Jakob and Weiss: Displacement and articular congruency based – Modified Weiss classification: No need for arthrogram1. Type I: <2 mm displacement2. Type II: 2-4 mm displacement 3. Type III: >4 mm displacement (displacement of >4…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Superficial Cervical Plexus Block : Mnemonic
This is a visual mnemonic for the nerve arrangement of superficial cervical cutaneous branches of cervical plexus. This mnemonic was created only for the ease to remember and may not resemble exact anatomy. The site of injection for superior cervical plexus nerve block is the midpoint of posterior border of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Forearm muscles : Tricks to remember
Anterior Forearm (Compartment) Muscles Total muscles: 8 (4 superficial + 1 intermediate + 3 deep) Mnemonic: Do it yourself as shown in the figure below! Place your thenar/hypothenar eminence over medial epicondyle and fan out 5 fingers with thumb resting below the 4 fingers. The 4 fingers represent superficial flexors…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Febrile Seizure : Clinical approach
A) General consideration: Febrile seizures are seizures during fever occuring between 6 months and 5 years of age in absence of: CNS infections Abnormal neurologic findings Types of febrile seizure: Simple febrile seizure: Solitary Brief (< 15 minutes) Within 24 hours of onset of fever Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure (GTCS)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Acute Diarrhea – Approach
There is no standard definition of diarrhea. Diarrhea may be defined with one or combination of the following criterion: Change in consistency of stool: Increased water-content Increase in freqency of stool: >3 times per day Increase in weight of stool: >200 grams per day or >10 grams/kg/day Among all these,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Neonatal Jaundice (NNJ) : Approach
Jaundice refers to accumulation of bilirubin in the epidermal tissues of the body, resulting in a yellowish tinge to the skin, sclera, and mucosa. Atleast 5 mg/dl of bilirubin level is required for clinically recognizing hyperbilirubinemia. A) Physiological Neonatal Jaundice: General consideration:
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Vision loss – General Appoach
Diagnosis of the etiology of vision loss requires a step-wise systematic approach. The vision loss may be sudden or gradual, painful or painless, unilateral or bilateral, etc. One needs to take a detailed ocular history and examination. Step 1: Sudden or gradual vision loss? a. Sudden: vascular occlusion (e.g., AION, CRAO, CRVO)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Understanding Eye Glass Prescription Slip
A phoropter/refractor is an instrument commonly used by eye care professionals during an eye examination, containing different lenses used for refraction of the eye during sight testing, to measure an individual’s refractive error and determine his or her eyeglass prescription. Retinoscopy is done instead in children who are unable to…