The oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve is sigmoidal in shape because the binding of 1st oxygen molecule is difficult, however once bound, they facilitate the binding of subsequent molecules until the saturation is reached (plateau). This is called the allosteric interaction (cooperativity). Lets come to the mnemonics now. The curve can…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Spaces and Compartments of Hand
Spaces of Hand Deep space infections occur in one of the three anatomically defined potential spaces within the hand. Thenar, mid-palmar and hypothenar spaces Interdigital subfascial web space Forearm space of parona Deep hand space Dorsal border Volar border Ulnar border Radial border Remarks Thenar Adductor pollicis Palmar aponeurosis Middle…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) : Mnemonic Approach
Synonym: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JIA) Diagnosis of JIA Mnemonic: One Six Sixteen (1, 6, 16) 1: Inflammation of atleast 1 joint (joint involvement: knee > wrist/hand > ankle > hip > c-spine) 6: Lasting for atleast 6 weeks 16: Onset before 16 years age In order to confirm the diagnosis,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Singh Index for Osteoporosis – Simplified
Pattern of bone loss in Osteoporosis Trabecular bone responds faster to metabolic changes due to greater surface are compared to cortical bone. Non-weight bearing (secondary trabeculae) are lost first. Weight bearing (primary trabeculae) may appear prominent due to loss of other trabeculae and may also become thickened due to compensatory…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation : Simplified
Immobilization Protocol Dorsal blocking orthosis Early stage (0-3/4 weeks) Intermediate stage (4-6 weeks) Late stage (6-8 weeks) Wrist: 20-30 degrees flexionMCP: 40-60 degrees flexionIP: Neutral ROM of elbow and shoulder Increase wrist extension (towards neutral) within splint Tendon gliding exercises (hold each position 3 seconds, repeat 10 times, do 3…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mnemonic based management of Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis along with case based discussion has been already covered earlier here: To remember the initial management of acute pancreatitis, one can remember the mnemonics given below: iPA-NCREAS (Ye et.al.) Investigations: Imaging (CT, MRI or Ultrasonography) Prognostic screen to identify severe pancreatitis Amylase and lipase levels Initial treatment: Nutritional…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Achondroplasia Mnemonic
A: Autosomal dominant C: “Champange glass” pelvis in X-rays H: Hypotonia O: Ossification affected (Enchondral > Appositional) N: Nasal bridge small D: Disproportionate Dwarfism R: Rhizomelic (proximal i.e. humerus and femur shortening) O: Out knees (varus deformity) P: Proliferative zone quantitative defect L: Little phalanx (brachydactyly) and metacarpals with Leister…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Stages of Skin Graft take : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: AIIRR I – Adherence Formation of fibrin bonds between graft and it’s recipient wound bed II – Imbibition (1st 2-4 days) Donor tissue receives nutrition from absorption from the recipient site wound bed via capillary action (graft drinks from recipient bed) Graft increases in weight and volume and appears…