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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Carcinoid Tumors : Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Jun 30, 2023Jun 30, 2023

Origin: Neuroendocrine cells Location: Lungs, Bronchi, Trachea, Gastrointestinal tract Synthesize: Biogenic amines (mainly serotonin which is metabolied to 5-HIAA) 5 Manifestations Mnemonic: 5-HIAAS 1. Heart disease (2/3 patients) 2. Intestinal manifestations 3. Airway obstruction 4. Asthma 5. Skin manifestations Alternative mnemonic: CARCinoid Rule of 1/3 Surgery for appendiceal carcinoid tumor…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Pheochromocytoma : Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Jun 25, 2023Jun 25, 2023

Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing tumor arising from chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system derived embryologically from the primitive neural crest cells. Sites: Clinical features Mnemonic: 5 H or 7 P’s 5 H 7 P Hypertension Paroxysmal rise in pressure (BP) Headache Pain (headache) Hyperhidrosis Perspiration (hyperhidrosis) Hyperglycemia Pallor Hypermetabolism…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Le Fort Fractures : Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Jun 21, 2023Aug 15, 2023

Le Fort fractures are the fractures that separate mid-face from the skull. Classification All of these subtypes involve a fracture of the pterygoid plate. LeFort type Fracture configuration Mnemonic Mnemonic I Horizontal Floating palate Speak no evil – fracture through maxilla just above roots of teeth (affects speaking) II Pyramidal…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Receptors : Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Jun 20, 2023Jun 20, 2023

Location Alpha = Arteries and smooth muscles Beta = Beats or Breaths Types and Action 1 = Contract 2 = Dilate Receptors Alpha 1: Alpha 2: Beta 1: Mnemonic: We have 1 HEART Beta 2: Mnemonic: We have 2 LUNGS Beta 3: Mnemonic: 3 = Triglyceride

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Glucagonoma : 6 D’s

Epomedicine, Jun 18, 2023Jun 18, 2023

Glucagonoma is an alpha-cell tumor of pancreas. Mnemonic: 6 D’s 1. Diabetes 2. Dermatitis (Necrolytic migratory erythema) 3. Declining weight 4. Diarrhea 5. Deep vein thrombosis 6. Dilated cardiomyopathy

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Thyroid Tumors : Mnemonics

Epomedicine, Jun 17, 2023Jun 17, 2023

Papillary carcinoma Follicular carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Mnemonic: MENACED Anaplastic carcinoma

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS gastric glands

Gastric Acid Secretion in Parietal cells: Mechanism

Epomedicine, Jun 16, 2023Jun 16, 2023

Key player: H+/K+ ATPase or “proton pump” (in canalicular membrane of parietal cells) a. Hydrogen ions are generated within the parietal cell from dissociation of water. The hydroxyl ions formed in this process rapidly combine with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ion, a reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. b. Bicarbonate…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

ABG Interpretation Made Easy

Epomedicine, Jun 16, 2023May 18, 2024

Normal values Step 1: pH Step 2: pCO2 Step 3: HCO3- Step 4: Determine compensation If there is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, determine if there is appropriate respiratory compensation: No respiratory compensation: Expected pCO2 = Measured pCO2 Respiratory compensation: Expected pCO2 ≠ Measure pCO2 Step 5: Delta ratio ΔAG /…

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