1. Forgetting to Expose abdomen adequately: Before examination, patient should ideally be exposed from the nipples to mid thigh. Failure to do so may lead to missed findings during examination e.g. Hernia 2. Abdominal symmetry and movement: Abdominal symmetry and movement should be examined tangentially and from leg end. Comment…
Category: Clinical Skills and Approaches
History taking and examination skills and Flowchart approaches to commonly encountered medical conditions and diseases.
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Management of Diabetes – GLUCOSE BAD mnemonic
Glycemic control HbA1c 3 monthly or Bianually (if treatment goal acheived and glycemic control considered stable) – Target: Non-pregnant adult patients: <7% Minor cardiovascular disease, minor hypoglycemic episodes, short diagnosis time with diabetes, and long life expectancy: <6.5% Significant co-morbidities, progressive micro- and macrovascular complications, or short life expectancy: <8%…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
CNS examination long case: How to prepare
Central nervous system (CNS) examination is the most difficult thing to complete within a time limit during final exam and the dilemma is that, most of time the CNS is what is kept as a long case. Examiners love judging you on the basis of CNS case because: 1. CNS…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Radial Tunnel Syndrome (RTS) – Anatomy and Clinical Examination
Synonyms: Radial pronator syndrome, Treatment resistant lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) Anatomy of Radial Tunnel The anatomic radial tunnel (~5 cm) extends from the radial head to the inferior border of the supinator muscle. Mnemonic: FREAS Fibrous bands anterior to radiocapitellar joint Radial recurrent vessels (leash of Henry) ECRB medial edge…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Ten Diagnostic Dilemmas in Neonatal Meningitis
Incidence the global incidence of neonatal sepsis at 5–6 per 1000 live births and that of meningitis at 0.7–1 (2.4–16 in South and South-East Asia, 6–21 in sub-Saharan Africa, and 1.8–12 in the Middle East and North Africa) Causative Agents : Group B streptococci Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae …
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Femoral Anteversion test (Craig’s test)
Synonym: Trochanteric prominence angle test Patient position: Prone with knee on test side flexed to 90 degrees Test procedure: Examiner palpates the greater trochanter and internally and externally rotates the hip until the greater trochanter lies at the lateral most aspect of the hip (the greater trochanter is parallel to…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Schirmer’s test
Schirmer’s test is a measurement of tear production, devised by the German ophthalmologist Otto W.A. Schirmer. Originally, Schirmer used blotting paper to collect tears elicited by one of the 3 methods of stimulating lacrimation: Inserting the strip of paper itself Irritating the nasal mucosa after the cornea had been anesthetized…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Drug Eruptions – When the Solution becomes Problem
Before we start to develop our understanding of the drug eruptions. Let’s first lay down the foundation by clearing some basic concepts. What is an Allergy? What is meant by an adverse drug reaction? What is the diversity of allergic reactions due to drugs? Allergy This is a hypersensitivity disorder…