One needs to understand the difference between bone union and consolidation first Union Consolidation Definition Partial/Incomplete repair Full/Complete repair Callus Calcified Ossified Attempted angulation Painful Painless Fracture line in X-ray Still visible Obliterated and crossed by bony trabeculae Full weight bearing Cannot be undertaken Can be undertaken Reference: Physiotherapy in…
Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics
He is the section editor of Orthopedics in Epomedicine. He searches for and share simpler ways to make complicated medical topics simple. He also loves writing poetry, listening and playing music. He is currently pursuing Fellowship in Hip, Pelvi-acetabulum and Arthroplasty at B&B Hospital.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Osteochondroma : Mnemonics
Features of Osteochondroma Mnemonic: Six “C” Commonest benign bone tumor Continue to grow until Closure of physis Cartilage cap (appears larger clinically than in X-ray) Continuous with native bone (cortex and medullary canal) Cane (pedunculated/stalked points away from joint and sessile/broad based have higher risk of malignant degeneration) Change (mutation)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Gout : Mnemonics
Urate Lowering Therapy (ULT) Mnemonic: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Start Urate Lowering Therapy if: ≥1 subcutaneous tophi ≥2 flares per year ≥3 stage CKD with Serum uric acid (SUA) ≥ 9 mg/dl Other indications: Urate renal stone, Evidence of joint destruction in X-ray 4. ≥4 weeks to be…
Surgical Skills
Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for CTEV
Indications Cavus, Adductus and Varus are fully corrected but ankle dorsiflexion remains <10 degrees above neutral Adequate abduction: Best sign: Ability to palpate anterior process of the calcaneus as it abducts out from beneath the talus Abduction of approximately 60 degrees Neutral or slight valgus of os calcis Technique 1….
Surgical Skills
Hip Spica Cast
Acceptable angulation in Femoral Shaft Fractures Age Varus/Valgus (degrees) Anterior/Posterior (degrees) Shortening (mm) <2 yr 30 30 15 2-5 yr 15 20 20 6-10 yr 10 15 15 >10 yr 5 10 10 Reference: Rockwood and Wilkin’s Fractures in Children – Leg position for Hip Spica Application in Femur Shaft…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
CTEV Made Easy
CAVE deformities Mnemonic Deformity Site Components C Cavus Midfoot Plantar flexed 1st metatarsal A Adductus Forefoot (Tarsometatarsal joint) Medial displacement of navicular and cuboid along with talar neck and head; Calcaneus and distal calcaneal articulating surfaces adducted along V Varus Hindfoot (Subtalar joint) Calcaneum is adducted, plantar flexed and inverted…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Idiopathic Scoliosis Made Easy
Definition Cobb’s angle >10° Diagnosis of exclusion: Congenital scoliosis and Neuromuscular scoliosis ruled out Types: Early onset (<10 years): Infantile: 0-3 years Juvenile: 4-10 years Late onset (>10 years) Adolescent: 10-18 years Adult: >18 years Indications for MRI in general Mnemonic: Left JAPAN Left thoracic curves Juvenile onset (<10 years)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Paget’s Disease of bone : Mnemonic
Synonyms: Osteitis deformans Collage of matrix madness Mnemonic: Sixteen “P”s 1. Paramyxovirus infection and inclusions in osteocalsts 2. Pain (most common symptom – localized fractures or nerve compressions) 3. Pelvis (most common site) 4. Polyostotic (more common; 85%) 5. Phases: Active (lytic, mixed, sclerotic) and Inactive 6. Plasma volume expansion…