Synonym: Brittle Bone Disease Incidence: 1 in 20,000 Gene defect: Col1A1 (17q) and Col1A2 (7q) Mnemonic: Remember “one” for “bone”. Collagen one is the main composition of bone. OI is a disorder of bone. Hence, the defect is is in Col1. Features Mnemonic: BLOOD Sillence Type Inheritance Features Mnemonic Collagen…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Linea Aspera
Linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the shaft of femur which serves as a site for attachment of muscles and intermuscular septum. The various structures attached to linea aspera can be remembered using few mnemonics: Mnemonic 1#: 1, 2, 3 It gives attachment…
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Breast Engorgement in Newborns : Galactorrhea or Witch’s Milk
Scenario Concerned parents appear in the Out patient Department, with a newborn who has bilateral breast engorged and obviously secreting milk. Parents had tried to squeeze the milk out but instead the breast got further engorged. Few months before a neonate was admitted for Intravenous antibiotics for similar problem, after…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Stress, Strain, Viscoelastic behavior
Stress or load: Force over area (has units of Newton per square metre) Strain or deformation: Change in length over original length caused by applied stress or load (unitless and expressed as ratio or percentage) Mnemonic: If your boss is under a lot of stress, his personality changes (strain) A….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pressure Sores and Bed Sores
A pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device. Normal capillary refill is 16-33 mmHg. Ischemia occurs with prolonged pressure >33 mmHg: Ischial tuberosity: >100 mmHg during sitting Sacral region: 40-60 mmHg in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Motor March Phenomenon
Motor march phenomenon is a sign of reinnervation like Hoffman-Tinel’s sign which has been discussed earlier. Observed in: Axonotmesis Repaired Neurotmesis Not observed in: Neuropraxia Motor march phenomenon: As the re-innervation of injured nerve proceeds, the muscles nearest to the site of injury recovers first followed by distal ones sequentially…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Friedreich’s Ataxia : Mnemonic
Friedreich’s ataxia is a hereditary spinocerebellar degenerative disorder named after German neurologist, Professor Nicholaus Friedreich. Mnemonic: FRIEDREICH’S Ataxia 1. Foot deformity (progressive cavo-varus), Frataxin expression reduced 2. Recessive (autosomal), Repeat of trinucleotide GAA (chromosome 9) 3. Iron accumulation in mitochondria 4. Extensor plantar response 5. Dysarthria (within 5 years of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
AO fracture classification made easy
It is an alpha-numeric system of classification developed by Muller and colleagues. Step 1: 1st digit specifies bone Step 2: 2nd digit specifies segment of bone Square definition: Proximal and distal segments are defined by a square whose sides = length of widest part of epiphysis Exceptions of square definition:…