Heel pad syndrome and plantar fasciitis both cause heel pain, but they affect different areas and have distinct characteristics. Further reading and differential diagnoses of heel pain: Heel Pain : Mnemonic Plantar Fasciitis Heel Pad Syndrome Definition Inflammation of the calcaneal origin of plantar fascia Traumatic irritation of the specialized…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Basilar Thumb or 1st CMCJ Osteoarthritis
Tips to remember this classification include: Eaton Stage Joint Subluxation Osteophyte Surgery I 1st CMCJ widened <1/3 No Volar Ligament Reconstruction II 1st CMCJ narrowed <1/3 <2 mm 1. Ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition (LRTI) 2. Single interposition 3. Suspensionplasty 4. Metacarpal osteotomy III 1st CMCJ severely narrowed ≥1/3 >2…
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Medical Education and Job Crisis in Nepal
Nepal’s medical sector is beset with serious issues. Oversupply of medical graduates, declining job satisfaction among doctors, the ongoing woes of resident doctors, and disagreements between private medical colleges and the Medical Education Commission (MEC) have rendered the situation complex and pressing. Oversaturation of Medical Graduates and Poor Employment Opportunities…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Scapular Dyskinesis
Definition: Abnormal scapular motion which may refer to – Causes: 1. Primary: Due to abnormalities arising in Scapulo-thoracic articulation, periscapular muscles and nerves 2. Secondary: Response to shoulder abnormalities Types: It is categorized into three main types based on the prominence of specific areas of the scapula during movement. Clinical…
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The Importance of Effective Communication in Hospitals
Healthcare depends on open communication. Code Blue situations demonstrate this: responsibilities are obvious when a resuscitation team communicates effectively, and interventions are quick. Nurse-to-physician handoffs at shift change are another vital event. Lack of information about a patient’s renal function or medication sensitivity can cause disastrous events. Team members have…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Spinal Tumors Localization : Mnemonics
Intradural Intramedullary Spinal Tumors Mnemonic: I HEAL Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors Mnemonic: MNM Extradural Spinal Tumors Lesions outside the thecal sac are categorized as extradural lesions. Remember that everything that isn’t in the thecal sac is extradural, including discs, bones, nerves, and blood vessels.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome
Definition: Impaction of triquetrum against the ulnar styloid causing chondromalacia, synovitis and ulnar-sided wrist pain Pathology: Etiology: Clinical features: 1. Asymptomatic 2. Ulnar-sided wrist pain, aggravated by wrist extension and specific positioning (having hands on hip or back pockets) 3. Potential history of trauma to distal radius or ulna, surgery…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Trauma Scoring Systems
Scoring systems Score type Brief description Score interpretation Revised trauma score (RTS) Physiologic RR + SBP + GCS Each parameter is scored 0-4 (Total range = 0-12) Lower score indicates more severe injury (RTS 12 = <1% mortality; RTS 0 = >99% mortality) Score <11 – transfer to trauma center…