During and after an episode of seizure, (epilepsy, fit or convulsion), here are few recommended things that you should do and you shouldn’t do. Dos Protect the person from injury- remove harmful objects from nearby Place something soft such as folded sweater below the head Help the person to breath…
Author: Epomedicine
Case Reports 
Basal Cell Adenoma of Parotid Gland: Case Report and Review of Literature
Bidhan Sigdel, Sulabh Shrestha, Amrit Devkota Fourth Year MBBS, KISTMCTH ABSTRACT Basal Cell Adenoma (BCA) accounts for 1-2% of salivary gland tumor .BCA is rare benign epitheloid neoplasm of salivary gland, which was first described and documented as distinct clinical and pathological entity by Kleinsasser and Klein in 1967 and…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
ECG changes in Pericarditis
Synonyms: Acute pericarditis, Viral pericarditis, Infectious pericarditis Definition: Diffuse inflammation of the pericardial lining surrounding the heart and characterized by sharp pleuritic, retrosternal chest pain worsened with recumbency and relieved by leaning forwards. Causes of Pericarditis: a. Infectious: Viral: Coxsackievirus, Echovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, Influenza, HIV, Mumps virus Bacterial: Staphylococcus, Hemophilus,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
ECG changes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Synonyms: Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD), Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD), Smoker’s lung Definition: COPD is a lung disease characterized by airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70%) that is not fully reversible (FEV1 increase of 200 ml and 12% improvement above baseline FEV1 following administration of…
Acute Dacryocystitis : Clinical review
Definition: Acute dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac which usually occurs in very young children or > 40 years Microbiology of Acute Dacryocystitis: Congenital: Hemophilus influenzae (acute – rare), Others (chronic) Adults: Acute: Staphylococcus aureus, Beta-hemolytic streptococci Chronic: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans Etiology of Acute Dacryocystitis: 1. Congenital:…
Ophthalmology Spot Diagnosis: Nodular Episcleritis
This is a case of nodular episcleritis. Definition of Episcleritis: Episcleritis is defined as the benign recurrent inflammation of episclera and tenon’s capsule. Types of Episcleritis: Diffuse episcleritis Nodular episcleritis Epidemiology: Common in females compared to males Common in young adults Etiology: Non-specific immune response to irritants Idiopathic (mostly) Rheumatoid arthritis…
Ophthalmology Spot Diagnosis: Hyphema
Definition: Accumulation of blood in the Anterior Chamber (AC). Causes: a. Post-traumatic: Trauma or surgery b. Spontaneous: Neovascularization Ocular neoplasms Vascular and clotting anomalies (leukemia, hemophilia, aspirin) Grading for Traumatic Hyphema: 0 : No layered blood, circulating RBCs only (Microhyphema) 1: Layered blood filling < 1/3 of AC 2: Layered…
Glaucoma Basics – Aqueous humor dynamics and Intraocular pressure
Volume of aqueous: 0.25 ml (Anterior chamber) + 0.06 ml (Posterior chamber) Composition of aqueous: similar to plasma except- higher concentration of ascorbate, pyruvate and lactate lower concentration of protein, urea and glucose Functions of aqueous: Maintains Intra-ocular Pressure (IOP) Provides nutrition to avascular lens and cornea Optical transparency Place…