Synonym: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JIA) Diagnosis of JIA Mnemonic: One Six Sixteen (1, 6, 16) 1: Inflammation of atleast 1 joint (joint involvement: knee > wrist/hand > ankle > hip > c-spine) 6: Lasting for atleast 6 weeks 16: Onset before 16 years age In order to confirm the diagnosis,…
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Monitoring your child’s growth
Proper growth of a child is of concern to every parents. Comparing your child with other children of same age group can give you some idea but all children do not have the same growth potential. The birth weight, nutritional status, health, parental height and genotype influence the child’s potential…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Singh Index for Osteoporosis – Simplified
Pattern of bone loss in Osteoporosis Trabecular bone responds faster to metabolic changes due to greater surface are compared to cortical bone. Non-weight bearing (secondary trabeculae) are lost first. Weight bearing (primary trabeculae) may appear prominent due to loss of other trabeculae and may also become thickened due to compensatory…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation : Simplified
Immobilization Protocol Dorsal blocking orthosis Early stage (0-3/4 weeks) Intermediate stage (4-6 weeks) Late stage (6-8 weeks) Wrist: 20-30 degrees flexionMCP: 40-60 degrees flexionIP: Neutral ROM of elbow and shoulder Increase wrist extension (towards neutral) within splint Tendon gliding exercises (hold each position 3 seconds, repeat 10 times, do 3…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Mnemonic based management of Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis along with case based discussion has been already covered earlier here: To remember the initial management of acute pancreatitis, one can remember the mnemonics given below: iPA-NCREAS (Ye et.al.) Investigations: Imaging (CT, MRI or Ultrasonography) Prognostic screen to identify severe pancreatitis Amylase and lipase levels Initial treatment: Nutritional…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Achondroplasia Mnemonic
A: Autosomal dominant C: “Champange glass” pelvis in X-rays H: Hypotonia O: Ossification affected (Enchondral > Appositional) N: Nasal bridge small D: Disproportionate Dwarfism R: Rhizomelic (proximal i.e. humerus and femur shortening) O: Out knees (varus deformity) P: Proliferative zone quantitative defect L: Little phalanx (brachydactyly) and metacarpals with Leister…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Stages of Skin Graft take : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: AIIRR I – Adherence Formation of fibrin bonds between graft and it’s recipient wound bed II – Imbibition (1st 2-4 days) Donor tissue receives nutrition from absorption from the recipient site wound bed via capillary action (graft drinks from recipient bed) Graft increases in weight and volume and appears…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Approach to Thoracic and Lumbar Spine X-ray
Views Standard: Supine AP and Latero-lateral (LL) views – thoracic or lumbar Thoracic: Lateral (Fulcrum) bending views: to determine the flexibility of curves in scoliosis Lumbar: De Seze view (Lumbopelvic view): Standing AP and LL – shows T11 to head of femur Dynamic lateral (flexion-extension) views: for instability Oblique views…