Red eye reflects hyperemia or engorgement of superficial visible conjunctival, episcleral or ciliary vessels. A) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR ACUTE RED EYE 1. Painless red eye: a) Diffuse redness: Lids normal: Conjunctivitis Lids abnormal: Blepharitis Ectropion Trichiasis Eyelid lesion b) Localized redness: Pterygium Corneal foreign body… Read More
A) HISTORY Besides chief complaints, other portion of history is similar to the one you prepare in internal medicine. 1. Description of symptom (SOCRATES): S – Site (Unilateral or Bilateral) O- Onset C – Character R – Radiation (if applicable) A – Aggravating and relieving… Read More
Diagnosis and management of a case of parotid enlargement requires systematic approach. Here, I have tried to present a simplified approach to parotid enlargement. A) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES OF PAROTID ENLARGEMENT: 1. Infectious: Child: Mumps, Coxsackie Adult: S.aureus 2. Non-infectious benign: Epithelial: Pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor,… Read More
Synonym: Pharyngeal apparatus Branchial (resembling fish gills) apparatus is like a sandwich – mesoderm and neural crest cells (branchial arch) between opposing outer ectoderm (cleft or groove) and inner endoderm (pouch). They develop around the pharyngeal foregut and are wedged between the developing heart and brain. Note… Read More
Relevant terms and definitions: 1. Tympanogram: plots compliance changes of the Tympanic Membrane (TM) versus air pressure in the EAC Y-axis shows pressure gradient and X-axis shows compliance change 2. Peak: point on the tympanogram that represents the point of maximum compliance, in which pressure of the external ear… Read More
