Mnemonic: FEMORAL Females (4 times more common) Elderly McEvedey operation (incision above inguinal ligament – preferred in emergency intervention due to easy access to compromised bowel for any resection if required) Obstruction/incarceration/strangulation risk is higher (rigid walls of femoral ring) Richter’s hernia – most common location Above inguinal ligament –…
Tag: General Surgery
Emergency Medicine 
Burn Injury : Mnemonic Approach (ATLS)
Mnemonic: BURNS Burn depth and body surface area (BSA) Burn degree Burn depth Features Healing Mnemonic: Number of degrees = Number of structures involved Mnemonic: RBCS 1st Superficial (epidermis only) Red <1 wk 2nd Partial thickness – superficial (epidermis + papillary dermis) Blister + Blanches 1-3 wks Partial thickness –…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Organ Transplant Complications and Rejection
Types of Transplant Rejection Type Time Mechanism Pathology Hypersensitivity Management Host against Graft (Host vs Graft) Mnemonic: TIA Hyperacute Immediate (<5 days) Anti-donor antibodies in recipient Thrombosis and Obliteration of blood supply Type II UntreatablePrevent by cross-matchingRemove graft Acute (most common) < 6 months (most common in 1st month) Anti-donor…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Superficial and Deep Perineal Space or Pouch
Superficial and deep perineal space is located in the urogenital triangle, the boundaries of which are: Analogy: Remember a big mac. It has 3 layers of BUN and 2 hamburger PATTIES. Posteriorly, all 3 Fascias are attached to the perineal body, closing the spaces. Superficial Perineal Space Mnemonics: 1. Superficial…
Surgical Skills 
Syringe Suction Vacuum Drain : Technique
1. A small stab incision is made on skin with a no. 11 Blade where the drain is anticipated. 2. A feeding tube of an appropriate size or IV set tube with side holes is placed through the skin incision site to the desired site. 3. The tube is fixed…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence in Colorectal Cancer : Mnemonic
Adenoma-carcinoma sequence is a stepwise development of normal epithelium to carcinoma due to accumulation of mutations over a number of years leading to activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. One of the pathways follows adenoma–carcinoma sequence, that is, normal → adenoma → carcinoma. The other is pertaining…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC) : Mnemonics
Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant (AD) Cause: Microsatellite instability (MLH1, MSH2 mismatch repair gene mutation) Types: Amsterdam II Criteria for Diagnosis Mnemonic: 3-2-1-0 rule Colorectal cancers: More likely to be mucinous and right-sided Treatment: Total colectomy with ilio-rectal anastomosis Annual screening: Age 25 onwards or beginning no later than 5 years before…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Spermatic Cord : Mnemonics
Spermatic cord enters the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring and passes out through the superficial inguinal ring. 3 Coverings Mnemonic: ICE TIE Layer Origin Internal spermatic fascia Transversalis fascia Cremasteric fascia Internal oblique External spermatic fascia External oblique aponeurosis Contents 1. 3 Arteries: Mnemonic: ABCD Arteries – 2….