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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Tag: General Surgery

PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Interpretation of NCCT head: Normal findings

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Apr 17, 2024Apr 17, 2024

History: In 1972, Sir Godfrey Hounsfield developed CT scan for which he was awarded Nobel prize in 1979. Through these years CT has come from one rotation in 6 minutes to one in 0.33 seconds. Principle: X rays are produced by CT machine, which are absorbed by different tissues in…

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Case Reports

A case of EA/TOF (esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula)

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 26, 2024Jan 26, 2024

Case summary A female neonate was born via emergency cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation. The indication of LSCS was polyhydramnios with fetal bradycardia. The birth weight of the neonate was 1700 grams following which the baby was shifted to NICU for observation. I, as a surgical resident was…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) : A Comprehensive Review

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 23, 2024Jan 23, 2024

Introduction: Other facts: Clinical features: Diagnosis: Role of biopsy/tissue diagnosis in GIST (current consensus): Treatment: High risk features: Choices of surgery: Aim of surgery: Prognostication:  Malignant potential Comments  Mortality  Benign  Size: up to 2 cmMitosis: up to 5/50 hpf No tumor related mortality Probably benign Size: 2-5 cmMitosis: same as…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Surgical Anatomy of Diaphragm

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 20, 2024Jan 20, 2024

Diaphragm is a thoracoabdominal organ which is musculotendinous. It is the primary muscle of respiration.  Extension: There are 2 crura of diaphragm: 3 ligaments: Quadratus lumborum muscle is related to lateral arcuate whereas psoas muscle is related to medial arcuate ligament. The foramen of Morgagni shown in the above picture…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches

An approach to Abdominal Trauma

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 18, 2024Jan 18, 2024

Abdominal Trauma Abdominal trauma can be broadly classified into: Both of these have different approach of management. In case of any trauma, you need to go serially as per ATLS guidelines, i.e., the primary survey followed by the secondary survey. For quick recap, primary survey includes: Note: according to ATLS,…

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Case Reports

A Complication following vasectomy and its management

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 14, 2024Jan 14, 2024

Case Summary A 45-year male presented to emergency with complaints of pain and swelling over scrotum for 10 hours (at around 11:00 pm). Upon further inquiry he had undergone vasectomy (no scalpel) at a local health post camp at around 1 pm on the same day. He had no known…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Basics of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 12, 2024Jan 12, 2024

The above picture shows a VCUG scan which is a commonly performed test in urology for diagnosing various conditions related to urethra, bladder as well as assessing upper tracts. Diseases that can be diagnosed using VCUG includes: So, it is always better to have an idea about interpreting the scan as…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Approach and management of pediatric hydronephrosis

Dr. Manoj Bhandari, MS General Surgery Resident, Jan 11, 2024Jan 11, 2024

Pediatric hydronephrosis is a broad term and encompasses various spectrum of disease. It can be broadly classified into: Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) It accounts for 1-3% of all pregnancies (Shamshirsaz et.al;2012) and the incidence will continue to rise due to increase use of prenatal ultrasound scan. USG is the mainstay of…

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