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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Tag: Nervous system

Clinical Skills and Approaches

Romberg test

Epomedicine, Sep 7, 2022Sep 7, 2022

Tests the function of: Posterior or Dorsal column which may be impaired in: Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of spinal cord (Vitamin B12 deficiency) Posterior cord syndrome (Posterior spinal artery infarction) Hemisection of spinal cord (Brown Sequard syndrome) Pathophysiologic basis: When the patient is standing with the eyes open, visual, proprioceptive,…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches

Deep tendon reflexes

Epomedicine, Sep 3, 2022Sep 3, 2022

Deep tendon reflexes are monosynaptic reflexes integrated at lamina IX of the spinal cord. Deep tendon reflexes may be interpreted as: Normal Diminished or absent (hyporeflexia): Lower motor neuron lesions Exaggerated or clonus (hyper-reflexia): Upper motor neuron lesions Inverted or paradoxical: Damaged afferent pathway Name Spinal level Peripheral nerve Location…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches

Beevor’s sign

Epomedicine, Sep 3, 2022Sep 3, 2022

Named after: Charles Edward Beevor Definition: Upward (Cephalad) movement of the umbilicus in a supine patient attempting either to flex the head onto the chest against resistance or performing a sit-up. It is not a pathologic reflex, but a sign resulting from imbalance in muscle strength between the upper and…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Pregabalin vs Gabapentin

Epomedicine, May 10, 2022

Both pregabalin and gabapentin are GABA analogues that bind to presynaptic neuron’s voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC), specifically to the alpha-2-delta protein leading to reduced calcium influx at the nerve terminals. This leads to reduced release of excitatory neurotransmitters. Though the compounds are similar they have few important differences that must…

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Emergency Medicine

Conus Medullaris Syndrome vs Cauda Equina Syndrome : Anatomical basis and Mnemonic

Epomedicine, May 8, 2022May 8, 2022

Definitions Condition Vertebral level of injury Neurological level of injury ISNCI level of injury Conus Medullaris Syndrome (CMS) T12-L2 T12-S5 T11 Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) L3-L5 L3-S5 L2 Anatomy The spinal cord ends as a tapered structure called the conus medullaris at the level of L2–L3 disc in the neonate…

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Clinical Skills and Approaches

Modified Ashworth Scale for Spasticity : Mnemonic

Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics, May 1, 2022May 1, 2022

Ashworth scale tests resistance to passive motion about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Modified Ashworth Scale (Bohannon and Smith, 1987) has 1+ grading between grades 1 and 2. Modified Ashworth Scale (Ansari et.al., 2006) has been described here. Mnemonic: Ashworth is a juggling clown 0 : 0 is…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Dermatomes : Mnemonic

Epomedicine, Sep 18, 2021Sep 18, 2021

Note: C1 doesn’t have a sensory branch For the purpose of making learning easier, we divide the remaining dermatomal segments into 4 groups which will be accompanied by analogies and mnemonics. C2-C4 These supply the “hooded cape” region. C2: hood region abutting the trigeminal distribution C3: upper neck C4: lower…

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PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS

Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) and Electromyography (EMG) : Mnemonic Approach

Epomedicine, Sep 15, 2021Oct 4, 2022

Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) In the Nerve conduction study, assessment must be done for ABCDEFGH. Action potential Amplitude Measures the height of response in millivolts (mV) for motor nerve and microvolts (μV) for sensory nerve Indicates quantity of axons contributing to action potential Block of conduction CMAP on proximal stimulation…

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