Definition: Abnormal scapular motion which may refer to – Causes: 1. Primary: Due to abnormalities arising in Scapulo-thoracic articulation, periscapular muscles and nerves 2. Secondary: Response to shoulder abnormalities Types: It is categorized into three main types based on the prominence of specific areas of the scapula during movement. Clinical…
Tag: Musculoskeletal system
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
McCormack Load Sharing Classification (LSC)
McCormack classification aims to predict the need for anterior stabilization in addition to posterior fixation in cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures. It considers 3 factors for scoring: Principle: Application of load-sharing principle of long bone fixation (load sharing between implant system and host bone) to surgical treatment of acute thoracic…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
TLICS vs SLICS
Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity (TLICS) and Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System (SLICS) are based on 3 components of injury: TLICS score and SLICS score provide a scoring system to guide management: Characteristics TLICS SLIC 1. Injury morphology (Radiographs, CT) a. No abnormality 0 0 b. Compression 1 1…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Rheumatoid Thumb – Nalebuff Classification
Type Description Treatment 1 Boutonniere (most common) Synovectomy with extensor hood reconstruction; MCP fusion or arthroplasty 2 Boutonniere with CMC subluxation (uncommon; Type 1 + Type 3) Same as type 1 and type 3 3 Swan neck deformity (2nd most common) Splinting vs CMC arthroplasty; MCP fusion 4 Gamekeeper deformity…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve : Mnemonic
Mnemonics a. Lateral is Less and Medial is More. b. Major receives 2 innervations and Minor receives 1 innervation. Hence, Lateral pectoral nerve passes through and supplies Pectoralis major. Medial pectoral nerve passes through and supplies Pectoralis major and minor. The lateral pectoral nerve and the medial pectoral nerve form…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Ollier’s Disease and Maffucci Syndrome : Mnemonic
Ollier’s disease Maffucci syndrome
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Felty Syndrome : Mnemonics
Felty syndrome is a triad of: Mnemonic #1: SANTA Mnemonic #2: FAULTS
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Deltoid Ligament : Anatomy, Clinical tests and Acute Injury
Deltoid ligament is the complex of medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint. 2 layers of Deltoid Ligament a. Superficial layer: Originates from anterior and inferior aspects of medial malleolus fanning out & sending 3 bands to – b. Deep layer: Originates on posterior border of anterior colliculus, intercollicular groove…