INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY A: Aortic valve, Annular Abscess B: Block (heart block), Bacteremia (persistent) C: Complications, CCF D: Destructive penetrating lesion E: Emboli F: Fever despite appropriate antibiotics, Fungus G: Growing vegetations H: Heart failure, Highly resistant organisms PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES COMPLICATIONS: VIP BEAST V: Valve Obstruction I: INR monitoring, Infective Endocarditis P: Paravalvular…
Tag: Internal medicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pulmonology Mnemonics
TB SMEAR (+) CULTURE (–): 4 Ds D: DEAD: continued expectoration of dead organisms D: DEGENERATE: non-cultivable non-TB mycobacteria, unable to proliferate on a standard AFB culture D: DELAY: excessive > 5 days between collection & inoculation D: DRUGS: sufficient anti TB levels to suppress growth in vitro TB RISK FACTORS: SHE LOVED RICHES S: Silicosis…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Acute Stroke Management : Mnemonic Approach
Mnemonic: BRAIN ATTACK a. Blood pressure: Antihypertensives are recommended only in following conditions: SBP >220 mmHg, DBP >120 mmHg or MAP >130 mmHg (Target SBP reduction by 15% in 1st 24 hours) End organ damage: Acute MI, Aortic dissection, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Severe left ventricular failure Candidates for thrombolysis: SBP >185…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Amylase and Lipase in Acute Pancreatitis
Test Rise Peak Return to baseline Lipase 4-6 hours 48 8-14 days Amylase 2-4 hours 24-48 5-7 days Serum lipase elevation has a better diagnostic value as compared to serum amylase due to its superior specificity. Amylase has a low molecular weight and as a result can easily pass through…
Emergency Medicine 
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning: Mnemonic Approach
Rule of 150 and 4 a. Begin treatment if: Paracetamol is ingested at a dose >150 mg/kg Threshold to begin treatment is half the dose (75 mg/kg) in high risk cases: 1. Regular ethanol consumption: >21 Units/week in male and >14 Units/week in female 2. Regular use of enzyme inducing…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Dengue Classification : Mnemonic
Probable Dengue Mnemonic: FEVeR TLC (Send Total Leukocyte Count in Fever) a. Feverb. Endemic area (living or travel)and 2 of –c. Vomiting and nausead. Rashe. Tourniquet test positivef. Leukopenia (EARLIEST sign)g. Cramps and cries (Aches and pains) Tourniquet test: Inflate the BP cuff between SBP and DBP and keep it…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Simplified Guide to Statin Therapy
Statins Equivalent Dose Mnemonic: PRASLPF 2-5-10-20-40-40-80 Pituvastatin 2 mg Rosuvastatin 5 mg Atorvastatin 10 mg Simvastatin 20 mg Lovastatin 40 mg Pravastatin 40 mg Fluvastatin 80 mg Intensity of Statins a. High intensity (LDL lowering >/= 50%) Atorvastatin 40-80 mg Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg b. Moderate intenstity (LDL lowering 30-49%) Atorvastatin…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
ECG Axis Determination : Mnemonic
Lead I = left (0 degrees)Lead aVF = floor (90 degrees) Lead I +ve and Lead aVF +ve = Between 0-90 degrees (Normal axis) Lead I -ve and Lead aVF +ve = Between 90-180 degrees (Right axis deviation) Lead I +ve and Lead aVF -ve = Between 0 to -90…