Chromosomal abnormality Count the letters in “Patau Syndrome”. There are 13 letters. Patau syndrome is Trisomy 13. Clinical features Mnemonic: PATAU
Tag: Embryology
Case Reports 
A case of EA/TOF (esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula)
Case summary A female neonate was born via emergency cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation. The indication of LSCS was polyhydramnios with fetal bradycardia. The birth weight of the neonate was 1700 grams following which the baby was shifted to NICU for observation. I, as a surgical resident was…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Meckel’s Diverticulum : Rule of 2
General description Rule of 2s 1. Occurs in 2% population 2. Symptomatic cases are 2 times more common in males 3. Located within 2 feet proximal to ileocecal valve 4. 2 inches long and 2 cm diameter 5. 2 types of ectopic mucosa: gastric and pancreatic 6. Symptomatic only in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Aortic arch derivatives : Mnemonic
The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries are formed sequentially with the pharyngeal arches. Aortic arch Derivatives Mnemonic 1st Maxillary artery (part) 1st arch is maximal 2nd Stapedial arteryHyoid artery Second = Stapedial 3rd Common carotid arteryProximal part of internal carotid artery C = 3rd letter of alphabet 4th Left: Aortic archRight: Subclavian…
Blog 
A Case of Gastroschisis : Media’s Irresponsibility
1st Published in Pedchrome in October 19, 2012 National Newspapers of Nepal like Kantipur Daily and Nayapatrika had published some news regarding the Case of Om Hospital where the papers irresponsibly declared that the doctor’s negligence had led to the death of a new-born. According to the Om Hospital Authority,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Development of Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is derived from 2 sources. The anterior lobe is an upgrowth of ectoderm from the roof of the stomodeum (primitive buccal cavity), while the posterior lobe is a down growth of neuroectoderm from the diencephalon. 4th week: a diverticulum, Rathke’s pouch, grows upwards from the roof of the stomodeum towards the…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Embryology of Eye : Mnemonic
Surface ectoderm derivatives Mnemonic: LEVeL Lens Epithelium All ocular adnexa including mebomian gland and glands of Zeis and Moll Skin Cornea Conjunctiva Vitreous (portion) Lacrimal glands and drainage system Neuro-ectoderm (Optic vesicle and cup) derivatives Mnemonic: MORE Muscles of pupil (constrictor and dilator pupillae) Optic nerve Retinal pigment epithelium Epithelium…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Embryology Week 4: Rule of Fours
Second week is the week of twos. In third week trilaminal germ disc is formed. And now, here I have attempted to fit the fourth week in development of embryo as the week of fours. Four folds of the embryo The embryo undergoes: Lateral folding Cranio-caudal folding It forms four…