t(8;14): Burkitt’s lymphoma t(14;18): Follicular lymphoma t(11;14): Mantle cell lymphoma t(11,18): Marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) t(9;22): CML (Philadelphia chromosome), Bad prognosis ALL t(8;21): AML M2 t(15;17): AML M3 (Promyelocytic AML) t(X;18): Synovial cell sarcoma t(11;22): Ewing’s sarcoma t(12;21): Pre-B ALL (good prognosis ALL) t(4;11) and t(1;19): Bad prognosis ALL
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Coomb’s test : Mnemonic
Components of Coomb’s test: Mnemonic: ABCD A: Antibody (to be detected) B: Blood antigen (RBC) C: Coomb’s reagent (Anti-antibody) D: Detect agglutination Direct Coomb’s/Antiglobulin test (DAT or DCT): Mnemonic: In DAT/DCT we take A+B from patient and add C [(A+B) + C] Another Mnemonic: DCBA (Direct Coomb’s detect Blood Bound…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Protein C and S pathway – Mnemonic
Factor Va and VIIIa are different in coagulation cascade. They are the co-factors for factor Xa and IXa respectively. Another mnemonic: protein C Cuts Coagulation by Cutting Cofactors (Va and VIIIa) Protein S is cofactor for protein S. Protein C and S pathway using the mnemonic: Time To: Thrombin (factor…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Hematopoietic growth factors list with mnemonics
a. SCF (Steel factor): Multipontent stem cells b. IL-3: Myeloid stem cells (“3” turned down looks like “m“) c. IL-7: Lymphoid stem cell (“L” turned up looks like “7“) d. GM-CSF (Granulocyte macrophage Colony stimulating factor): Myeloid lineage (Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Granulocytes and Monocytes) Pharmaceutical: Sargramostim e. G-CSF: Granulocytes (Neutrophil, Eosinophil,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cell-Cell or Interceullular Junctions
Junction Location Composition Function Remarks Tight junction (Zonula occludens) Epithelial cell-Epithelial cell Claudin and Occludin (attaches to cytoskeleton – actin filament) Prevents paracellular movement of solutes and diffusion Adherens junction (Zonula adherens) Epithelial cell-Epithelial cell E-cadherin (attaches to cytoskeleton – actin filament) Belt desmosome (Anchoring) Cadherins are Ca2+ depndend adhesion…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Which statistical test to use?
Steps: Types of data Mnemonic: NOIR Qualitative or Categorical data a. Nominal (relating to name): Groups e.g. gender (male/female), color (black/white), blood groups (A/B/AB/O), religions (hindu/muslim/christian) b. Ordinal (relating to order): Rank-ordered data but without meaningful difference; e.g. socio-economic status (low, middle and high), rank (1st, 2nd and 3rd)– without…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Why is hepatitis E dangerous during pregnancy?
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is usually a self-limiting disease with a low rate of fulminant hepatic failure but maternal hepatitis E during the third trimester of pregnancy is a cause of fulminant hepatic failure with a mortality rate of upto 20%. Severe liver injury due to HEV in pregnancy…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cesarean Section
Labour/Delivery– A Normal Physiological process which takes place in the body of a woman at the end of Pregnancy where the fetus is expelled out of the uterus through the Vaginal Canal. Cesarean Section/Delivery– A procedure conducted in a pregnant woman leading to Birth of a fetus through incisions given…