Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is the most serious form of thiamine deficiency in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. Thiamine deficiency in alcoholics (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) results in degeneration of the medial-dorsal nucleus of thalamus, mamillary bodies, hippocampus and vermis of cerebellum. Mnemonic: COAT RACK Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (Acute phase) Korsakoff’s Psychosis (Chronic phase)
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Deltoid Ligament : Anatomy, Clinical tests and Acute Injury
Deltoid ligament is the complex of medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint. 2 layers of Deltoid Ligament a. Superficial layer: Originates from anterior and inferior aspects of medial malleolus fanning out & sending 3 bands to – b. Deep layer: Originates on posterior border of anterior colliculus, intercollicular groove…
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The Role of Physical Therapy in Managing Piriformis Syndrome
Piriformis syndrome is one in which the piriformis muscle situated at the gluteal region of the body applies pressure on the sciatic nerve, causing discomfort, paresthesia, and Paraesthesia along the course of the nerve. The piriformis is a hip-preserving muscle, and any form of inflammation of this muscle is going…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Unhappy Triad of O’Donoghue : Mnemonic
O’Donoghue unhappy triad is occurrence of 3 different soft tissue injuries of knee simultaneously. It includes: Mnemonic: MAM Mechanism: valgus stress with rotation of the knee Later on, more studies emerged showing that injuries in the lateral meniscus were more prevalent than injuries in the medial meniscus. The unhappy triad…
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How an Unstable Home Life Affects a Child’s Development
Stable homes serve as the bedrock for a happy, fulfilling childhood. When children are exposed to environments that are unpredictable, unstable, or neglectful, many aspects of their well-being are put at risk. Emotional, physical, and psychological needs are all major parts of what comprises well-being, especially during key developmental periods…
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Understanding How Sugar Affects Your Teeth and Ways to Manage It
Sugar has long been a well-known culprit when it comes to dental health. From childhood warnings to frequent dental check-ups, you’ve probably heard that consuming too much sugar can lead to tooth decay. But what exactly does sugar do to your teeth, and how can you prevent the damage while…
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4 Medications That Put You at Risk of Cavities
Countless times, you’ve heard that brushing, flossing, and avoiding sugary food and drinks can help you avoid cavities. You follow these basic practices daily—but guess what? You still have cavities. It can be frustrating when you’re diligent about oral care yet still face dental issues. But do you know who…