INCIDENCE Male > Female Age group: 50-75 years Second highest cancer in both sexes after prostate (male) and breast (female) Smokers > Non-smokers ETIOLOGY OF…
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Inheritance of Disease – Mnemonics
Lets work with some generalizations 1. X-linked dominant, mitochondrial and Y-linked conditions are rare. You need to remember them. 2. Usually inherited in autosomal dominant pattern…
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Made Easy
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction ? It is a process of artificial DNA replication (amplification of a selected part of DNA). As the name suggests:…
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Why to not defibrillate Asystole ?
What is asystole? Asystole is a state of no cardiac electrical activity. It is seen as a “flat-line” in ECG monitor. However, other possible causes…
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Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade and Defect
Capture or Tethering Increased vascular permeability and vasodilation are mediated by inflammatory mediators like histamine released by inflammatory cells in response to PAMPs expressed by…
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Amino Acids Mnemonics
What are amino acids ? Amino acids are molecules containing: An amine group A carboxylic acid group A side chain that varies between different amino acids…
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VDJ (Somatic) Recombination Made Easy
Many students feel that, this is one of the most difficult to explain topic in Immunology. Here, we will try to explain the process and…
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Clinically Relevant Cell Cycle
Stages of Cell Cycle Interphase 1. G1 (Gap 1) phase: Early and late phase divided by Restriction (R) point Functions: Preparation for DNA replication (synthesis…
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