Swelling and pain at injection site after vaccination is a frequently observed problem by parents and is often of concern to them. These type of reactions are generally observed after intramuscular vaccine and vaccine containing aluminium component. DPT as pentavalent is a frequent vaccine after which infants develop swelling. Types…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tendon Transfer Principles : Mnemonic
Tendon transfer is the use of the power of a functioning muscle unit to activate a non-functioning nerve/muscle/tendon unit. The transferred tendon remains attached to its parent muscle with an intact neurovascular pedicle. Mnemonic: SEACOAST-1 a. Synergistic: act together to produce a single composite movement (facilitate each other). e.g. b….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tourniquet Paralysis Syndrome
Synonym: Pressure paralysis Mechanism: Direct extrinsic pressure (displacement of ranvier node) or axonal hypoxia on the nerves beneath the tourniquet and are related to the cuff pressure and duration of application.\ It is different from post tourniquet syndrome which caused due to combined effect of muscle ischemia, edema and microvascular…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Blood Supply of Humeral Head
Anterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (AHCA) Origin: Axillary artery Course: Along the inferior border of subscapularis Gives anterolateral ascending branch which courses along lateral aspect of bicipital groove entering the humeral head and becoming arcuate artery Continues posterolaterally to anastomose with Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (PHCA) Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery (PHCA)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cluster of Differentiation (CD Markers) Mnemonics
“CD” in immunology stands for Cluster of Differentiation and includes cell surface markers that can be detected by lab technique called flow cytometry. Well, we will just focus on the ones you need to remember at undergraduate level. If you wish to go into further details, there are plenty of…
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Calmerry Review – A Balanced and Informative Analysis
Looking for an affordable & reliable online therapy service? Read this Calmerry review to discover the e-therapy platform you may want to use. Calmerry Review: Chat Quickly with an Online Therapist via Video or Text Messaging The growing popularity of digital and low cost therapy has led to a mushrooming…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Paraplegia in Extension and Flexion
Paraplegia in extension and paraplegia in flexion occur only after the spinal shock has ceased. Paraplegia in extension indicates an increase in the extensor muscle tone owing to the overactivity of gamma efferent nerve fibers to muscle spindles as the result of the release of these neurons from the higher…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tinel Sign
Synonyms: Hoffman-Tinel test, Tinel’s sign, Nerve percussion test Definition: “pins and needle feeling” elicited by tapping on a nerve proximally, with resulting paresthesia experienced in the corresponding distal cutaneous distribution of an injured peripheral nerve. Eliciting tinel sign: With gentle percussion by a finger or percussion hammer along the course of…