Rome IV Criteria for IBS Mnemonic: 1, 2, 3 Recurrent abdominal pain on average: Criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months prior to diagnosis Alarm findings (Red flags) Mnemonic: ALARMING Additional diagnostic testing Mnemonic: Rule out 4 “C” 1. Carcinoma 2. Celiac disease…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Prolonged QT Interval : Mnemonics
Normal QT Interval Duration: 0.3-0.44 s (0.46 s for women); tends to increase as the heart rate decreases Bazett’s formula for corrected QT interval (QTc): QTc = QT/ √RR Prolonged QT Interval Duration: >0.44 s (men) and >0.46 s (women) Can lead to: Polymorphic VT (Torsades de pointes) Causes: Mnemonic:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Lynch Syndrome (HNPCC) : Mnemonics
Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant (AD) Cause: Microsatellite instability (MLH1, MSH2 mismatch repair gene mutation) Types: Amsterdam II Criteria for Diagnosis Mnemonic: 3-2-1-0 rule Colorectal cancers: More likely to be mucinous and right-sided Treatment: Total colectomy with ilio-rectal anastomosis Annual screening: Age 25 onwards or beginning no later than 5 years before…
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Growing Your Wellness: How Marijuana Seeds Can Enhance Your Health
We have heard the discussion regarding the potential advantages of marijuana seeds. Advocates assert that these seeds have therapeutic qualities and can open up various health benefits. This is the reason why marijuana seeds for sale continue to increase today. Marijuana seeds are small, oval-shaped seeds produced by the Cannabis…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Spermatic Cord : Mnemonics
Spermatic cord enters the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring and passes out through the superficial inguinal ring. 3 Coverings Mnemonic: ICE TIE Layer Origin Internal spermatic fascia Transversalis fascia Cremasteric fascia Internal oblique External spermatic fascia External oblique aponeurosis Contents 1. 3 Arteries: Mnemonic: ABCD Arteries – 2….
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Why Are Diabetic Shoes Important?
Living with diabetes requires careful management and attention to various aspects of health. One often overlooked area is footwear. For individuals with diabetes, wearing the right shoes is essential to maintain foot health and prevent complications. Diabetic shoes, available at orthoticshop.com and other reputable retailers, offer unique features that provide…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Carcinoid Tumors : Mnemonic
Origin: Neuroendocrine cells Location: Lungs, Bronchi, Trachea, Gastrointestinal tract Synthesize: Biogenic amines (mainly serotonin which is metabolied to 5-HIAA) 5 Manifestations Mnemonic: 5-HIAAS 1. Heart disease (2/3 patients) 2. Intestinal manifestations 3. Airway obstruction 4. Asthma 5. Skin manifestations Alternative mnemonic: CARCinoid Rule of 1/3 Surgery for appendiceal carcinoid tumor…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pheochromocytoma : Mnemonics
Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing tumor arising from chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system derived embryologically from the primitive neural crest cells. Sites: Clinical features Mnemonic: 5 H or 7 P’s 5 H 7 P Hypertension Paroxysmal rise in pressure (BP) Headache Pain (headache) Hyperhidrosis Perspiration (hyperhidrosis) Hyperglycemia Pallor Hypermetabolism…