Iliofemoral ligament (Y-ligament, Ligament of Bigelow)
Epomedicine,
Structure
Inverted “Y” shaped
Proximal attachment: Lower part of Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and rim of acetabulum
Distal attachment: Divides into 2 bands which attaches to inferomedial (vertically oriented fibers) and superolateral (obliquely oriented fibers) part of inter-trochanteric line
More than 0.5 cm thick
Rupture strength: 350 kg
It is one of the strongest ligaments in the body, the other being the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament.
By Henry Vandyke Carter – Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body [CC BY SA 4.0]
Functions
Strengthens the anterior part of the articular capsule
Prevents hyperextension of joint when standing
In the erect posture, the center of gravity of the body falls slightly behind a line joining the centers of the two hip joints. As such, there is a natural tendency for the body to fall backwards on the hip joints. This is resisted by the iliofemoral ligaments.
Clinical correlates
Hip dislocation: In hip dislocation, the surgeon may use the iliofemoral ligament as a support to lever the head of the femur back into the acetabulum.
Hip dysplasia: Patients with hip dysplasia were found to have thinner iliofemoral ligaments
References:
Anatomy, descriptive and applied – Henry Gray
Cunningham’s manual of practical anatomy – 16th edition
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Crowe Classification Class I: <50% subluxation or proximal displacement <10% of pelvic height Class II: 50-75% subluxation or proximal displacement 10-15% of pelvic height Class III: 75-100% subluxation or proximal displacement 15-20% of pelvic height Class IV: >100% subluxation or proximal displacement >10% of pelvic height and deficient true acetabulum…
