Synonyms: Dorsal midbrain sydnrome, Pretectal syndrome Main components of Parinaud syndrome: Vertical gaze palsy Convergence-retraction nystagmus Pupillary light-near dissociation Lid retraction (Collier’s sign) Anatomical basis of Parinaud syndrome: Site of lesion: Dorsal midbrain Close to cerebral aqueduct and pineal gland – hydrocephalus and pinealoma Arterial supply – posterior cerebral artery…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pediatric History Taking – Structured format and Guide
Identification (ID): Name Age/Date of Birth Sex Informant ( Reliability) Parent’s name, age, address, education, religion Chief Complaints (CC): Symptoms X Duration in Chronological order History of Presenting Illness (HPI): Symptoms: Location, quality, quantity, aggravating and alleviating factors Time course: Onset, duration, frequency, change over time Rx/Intervention: Medications, medical help…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Personality Disorders – Mnemonic
If you are having a hard time remembering the clusters and which disorder falls into which cluster, this mnemonic will be helpful. Three clusters: A, B and C; remember as WWW – Weird, Wild and Worried, respectively. Cluster A – Weird (Genetic association with Schizophrenia) Accusatory: Paranoid (Suspicious) Aloof: Schizoid…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Simplified ICD-10 Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia
1. Duration: ≥1 months 2. ≥1 of Schneider’s 1st rank symptoms: Mnemonic: ABCDE a. Auditory hallucinations: Voices heard arguing (3rd person), Thought echo, Running commentary b. Bizzare delusions: Voices coming from some part of the body c. Control (Delusion of control): Somatic, Impulse, Volition, Affect (SIVA) d. Delusional perception: A non-hallucinated/true perception…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Heart Sounds – Abnormal
The basic clinical examination of the Cardiac System is by Auscultation (listening to the sounds made by the heart). As explained in the previous article physiological sounds made in each cardiac cycle viz. S1 and S2 due to the closure of the Atrio-Ventricular Valves and Outlet Valve in synchrony. Please…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Embryology of Eye : Mnemonic
Surface ectoderm derivatives Mnemonic: LEVeL Lens Epithelium All ocular adnexa including mebomian gland and glands of Zeis and Moll Skin Cornea Conjunctiva Vitreous (portion) Lacrimal glands and drainage system Neuro-ectoderm (Optic vesicle and cup) derivatives Mnemonic: MORE Muscles of pupil (constrictor and dilator pupillae) Optic nerve Retinal pigment epithelium Epithelium…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Sarcomere Structure : Mnemonic
Remember the sequence: Zahir Is A Hungry Man Z is the final alphabet: Z lines represents the end of sarcomere M for middle: M line represents the midline of sarcomere I is a thin letter: I band has only thin filaments H is a thick letter: H zone has only…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Working formulation of NHL (Mnemonic)
All follicular except large cell: Low grade All diffuse: Intermediate grade Blastic and non-cleaved: High grade