This is a compilation of high yield topics on neuroanatomy with visual mnemonics and illustrations targeted for undergraduate medical students who find difficulty in conceptualizing the nervous system. Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha Key features: Covers clinically and academically important topics Schematic diagrams Visual mnemonics Useful for medical students, PG…
Category: PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Medical knowledge in bullet points with understandable language, simplified images and graspable mnemonics.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Some Neurology Mnemonics
FALLS – indications for CT BRAIN A: Age > 65, Amnesia > 30 minutes before impact B: Bringing up = vomiting > 1 (once) C: Coagulopathy (hx) D: Dangerous mechanisms: > 1 m or 5 stairs, PVA, Cyclist, Ejection E: Epileptic fit (post traumatic) F: Fracture: open, depressed, skull base…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Calcium Channel Blockers : Mnemonic
Dihydropyridines Mnemonics:a. D for “-dipine”b. D for Dilation of vessels Nifedipine Nicardipine Isradipine Felodipine Amlodipine Non-dihydropyridines Mnemonics:a. N-D for Non “-dipines”b. N-D for Node supression + Dilation of vessels Verapamil Diltiazem
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Some Mnemonics for Physical Examination
CAUSES OF INCREASED PIGMENTATION S: Systemic sclerosis H: Hemochromatosis 1* A: Alkaptonuria K: Kala azar A: Arsenicosis H: Hemochromatosis 2* A: Addison’s N: Nelson’s D: Drugs Amiodarone Busulfan Bleomycin Phenytoin Phenothiazine Psoralen SADDLE NOSE S: Sarcoid, Syphilis congenital, Sponastrine dysplasia, Steward granuloma (extranodal NK/T lymphoma, EBV+), Stickler syndrome (chromos 12 mutation, short nose,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Cardiology Mnemonics
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY A: Aortic valve, Annular Abscess B: Block (heart block), Bacteremia (persistent) C: Complications, CCF D: Destructive penetrating lesion E: Emboli F: Fever despite appropriate antibiotics, Fungus G: Growing vegetations H: Heart failure, Highly resistant organisms PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES COMPLICATIONS: VIP BEAST V: Valve Obstruction I: INR monitoring, Infective Endocarditis P: Paravalvular…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Ophthalmology Mnemonics
PERIORBITAL EDEMA P: Pregnancy E: Edema: angioedema, cellulitis R: Renal: nephrotic I: Infectious mononucleosis: Hoagland’s sign O: Obstruction: SVC R: Rheumatic: Dermatomyositis, Cutaneous SLE B: Bitten by insect triatomine bug: T cruzi, Chagas disease – Romana’ sign I: Inside cavernous sign thrombosis T: Thyroid [Enroth fullness], Trichinosis A: Allergies, Albumin low L:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pulmonology Mnemonics
TB SMEAR (+) CULTURE (–): 4 Ds D: DEAD: continued expectoration of dead organisms D: DEGENERATE: non-cultivable non-TB mycobacteria, unable to proliferate on a standard AFB culture D: DELAY: excessive > 5 days between collection & inoculation D: DRUGS: sufficient anti TB levels to suppress growth in vitro TB RISK FACTORS: SHE LOVED RICHES S: Silicosis…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Acute Stroke Management : Mnemonic Approach
Mnemonic: BRAIN ATTACK a. Blood pressure: Antihypertensives are recommended only in following conditions: SBP >220 mmHg, DBP >120 mmHg or MAP >130 mmHg (Target SBP reduction by 15% in 1st 24 hours) End organ damage: Acute MI, Aortic dissection, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Severe left ventricular failure Candidates for thrombolysis: SBP >185…