Postoperative fever is defined as a temperature >100°F (38°C) on 2 consecutive postoperative days, or >102.2°F (39°C) on any 1 postoperative day. The most common cause of fever within the first 48 hours is a pyretic response to surgery, which is self-limiting. Textbooks have long listed the common causes of…
Author: Dr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha, MS Orthopedics
He is the section editor of Orthopedics in Epomedicine. He searches for and share simpler ways to make complicated medical topics simple. He also loves writing poetry, listening and playing music.
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Pathophysiology of Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is defined as an inflammation of the bone (single portion or numerous regions, like marrow, cortex, periosteum and surrounding soft tissue) caused by an infecting organism (usually monomicrobial but polymicrobial can occur, especially in diabetic foot). Definitions, Criteria and Classifications of different types of Osteomyelitis have been discussed in…
Emergency Medicine 
Polytrauma Assessment and Management (ATLS) : Mnemonics
SIEVE triage system Mnemonic: ABC-30-2 Can Do Approach to assessment and initial management Mnemonic: ARM Adjuncts to Primary Survey Reflects the adequacy of resuscitation. Mnemonic: PEA COVER Primary Survey Follow the look, listen, feel approach – Mnemonic: ABCDE 1. Airway and C-spine protection: 2. Breathing: 3. Circulation and control of…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Intrinsic thumb muscles : Tricks to Remember
The muscles of thumb will make 2 compartments – thenar compartment and adductor compartment. Mnemonic: Do it yourself as shown in the image below. Put your left hand with curled in middle/long finger above the palm of right hand. There are 2 muscle layers in this side of the hand….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Cruciate ligaments of Knee : Mnemonics
Mnemonic: Cross your long fingers over the index finger and superimpose this hand over your ipsilateral knee. This will help us to remember the orientation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of knee. Also remember the mnemonic “LAMP” which means Lateral ACL and Medial PCL….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Schatzker classification for Tibial plateau fracture : Mnemonic
Schatzker system is widely accepted and used to classify tibial plateau fractures. It is based on a 2D representation of the fracture. As a general rule, it can be divided into low-energy and lateral tibial plateau variants (types I-III) and high energy variants (type IV-VI). However, it does not include…
Emergency Medicine 
Kaplan’s Lesion : Complex Dorsal MCP joint dislocation
What is Kaplan’s lesion? Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint dislocation: Complex (Irreducible) Dorsal Mechanism of injury: Hyperextension injury Involvement: Usually occurs on border digits (Index > Little finger) Characteristic position of index finger: Hyperextended at MCP rests on dorsum of metacarpal Deviated towards middle finger Slightly flexed middle & distal phalanx with…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Cellulitis vs Early Osteomyelitis – Clinical features
Often, one may find difficulty differentiating cellulitis from osteomyelitis in a patient presenting with signs of inflammation localized to an extremity. There are few points that must be kept in the back of head, that will help us to differentiate these two entities. 1. Overlying skin findings: In osteomyelitis, the…