Lymphatic drainage of the uterus is via the iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes. Mnemonic: USA ME LIES 1. Upper portion: Superficial inguinal and Aortic Fundus and superior uterine body: Aortic (Pre- and Para-aortic) lymph node Cornu: Superficial inguinal lymph node 2. Middle portion (Uterine body): External iliac nodes 3. Lower…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Retroperitoneal Organs : Mnemonic
Retroperitoneal organs are partly covered on one side with parietal peritoneum. They are immobile or fixed. The classification of retroperitoneal organs divides primary and secondary retroperitoneal organs due to the embryonic development – Retroperitoneal structures Mnemonic: SAD PUCKER Primary retroperitoneal structures Mnemonic: SAUKER Secondary retroperitoneal structures Clinical significance Kocher maneuver…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Superficial Veins of Forearm : Mnemonic
Origin: Dorsal venous network The 1st 2 letters of the word “biceps” that being the muscle with which the vein is in relation, will give a mnemonic aid to retain the relative position of the basilic and cephalic veins. (B.I., Basilic Internal) Basilic vein courses medially Cephalic vein course laterally…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Chronic Lead Poisoning : Mnemonic
Mnemonic: ABCDEFGH Anemia: Results from ALA dehydrogenase inhibition Also causes RBC membranes to be permeable to K+ and decrease Na+/K+ ATPase leading to hemolysis Basophilic stippling Burtonian lines: Gum “lead lines” develop in 2-50% Results from subepithelial deposit of lead sulfide granules on gingival margins Colic: Spasmodic pain involving smooth…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Ulnar nerve Anatomy – Course and Innervation
Origin: C(7), C8, T1 (medial cord of Brachial plexus) Course: Motor innervation: 1. Forearm: Flexor carpi ulnaris (weakness of ulnar deviation and flexion of wrist), Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (branches near the elbow) 2. Hand: branches near wrist Sensory innervation: Palmar branch at forearm and Digital branch at wrist…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Median nerve Anatomy : Course and Innervation
Origin C5-T1 (lateral and medial cords of Brachial plexus) Course Motor innervation Muscles supplied: 2 lateral lumbricals, 3 thenars, 3Ps (2 pronator and 1 palmaris) and 4 flexors. Sensory innervation Clinical correlation 1. Martin-Gruber motor connection: occur in 17% of individuals between median and ulnar nerves resulting in variable innervations…
Emergency Medicine 
ATLS 80/70/60 Rule for Palpable Blood pressure
ATLS’ 80/70/60 rule On the basis of location of pulse palpable, minimum systolic blood pressure can be predicted as follows: Radial/Dorsalis pedis/Popliteal pulse: >80 mmHg Femoral pulse: >70 mmHg Carotid pulse: >60 mmHg Overestimation of SBP by Pulses Pulse characteristics are an unreliable sign and “should be used only as…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Koilonychia
Synonyms: Spoon-shaped nails, Concave nails Definition of koilonychia: Loss of longitudinal and lateral convexity of the nail, with thinning and fraying of the distal portions. Conditions associated with koilonychia: Normal variant Soft nails with occupational damage Iron deficiency anemia Hemochromatosis Raynaud’s syndrome Psoriasis (Koilonychia with subungual keratosis) Mechanism of koilonychia in…