1. Hectic Schedule: Lack of time for Socials Most fields in medicine are hectic as they are dealing with patient’s life or are on the cover of duties. So naturally, time for social activities is compromised. This will gradually affect the social standings and relationships unless you are a great…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pharmacology of Clindamycin : Mnemonic
Class: Lincosamide Mechanism of action: Binds 50S subunit of ribosome and inhibits translation – bacteriostatic (Remember the mnemonic: buy AT 30 & CELLS at 50) Spectrum: Gram positive and Anaerobes Mnemonic: PAST Penicillinase producing Staphylococci Anaerobes (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium) Streptococci (Viridans, Pyogenes, Pneumoniae) Toxoplasma Uses: Mnemonic: PAST Peritonitis, Pelvic abscess,…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
NSAIDs : Mnemonics
Classification Mnemonic: Prescribed By SOFIA Propionic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen, Naproxen Pyrrolo-pyrrole derivates: Ketoroloac Pyrazolone derivatives: Phenylbutazone, Oxybutazone Benzoxazocine derivatives: Nefopam Salicyaltes: Aspirin Selective COX-2 inhibitor: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, Parecoxib Oxicam derivatives: Piroxicam, Tenoxicam Fenamic acid derivatives: Mefenamic acid (Anthranilic acid derivative) Indol derivatives: Indomethacin, Sulindac Aryl acetic acid derivatives:…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Compartments, Muscles and Fasciotomy of the leg
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Anterior compartment 1. Tibialis anterior (TA) Superior 2/3 lateral surface of tibia Medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal Dorsiflexion, foot inversion Deep peroneal nerve (L5) 2. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) Superior 2/3 of fibula and interosseous membrane Middle and distal phalanx, lateral 4 toes Dorsiflexion, toe extension…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Arthrodesis Positions
Arthrodesis is the surgical fusion of a diseased joint for the purposes of obtaining pain relief and stability. The bones are fused in a position permitting most useful function but lose their natural motion. Shoulder Flexion: 30° Abduction: 20° Internal rotation: 40° Elbow One side: 90° Both side: One in…
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Do You Have Bad Breath? Here Are Some Possible Reasons
Do you ever feel self-conscious about your breath? Do you wonder if people might be able to smell your mouth when you speak? If you’ve answered yes to either of these questions, you may suffer from bad breath. Bad breath isn’t just something that affects the individual who is breathing;…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Rickets Made Easy
Types Type Pathology 25(OH) D 1,25(OH)2 D PTH Ca PO4 ALP Additional clinical findings Treatment Vitamin D deficiency (Nutritional) Hypovitaminosis D 🡢 Hypocalcemia 🡢 Secondary hyperparathyroidism 🡢 Rise of serum calcium towards normal level ↓ ↓ ↑ ↓/= ↓ ↑ Rachitic rosaryBowing of kneesMuscle hypotoniaWaddling gaitDental diseaseLooser zones/Milkman’s fracture (pseudofracture…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Calcium Metabolism
Functions Mnemonic: Six ‘C’s Contraction of muscles (Coupling of excitation-contraction) Conduction in nerves Cardiac function Coagulation in blood (Co-factor) Communication (intracellular messengers) for hormones, autacoids and transmitters Cementing (mineralization) of bone – Compressive strength Distribution Average young adult = 1200 gm calcium 99% in bone as calcium hydroxyapatite 1% in…