Orexigenic (Appetite stimulant) peptides Mnemonic: When you see MANGOEs, you feel like eating. MCH (Melanocyte Conentrating Hormone) AGRP (Agouti Related Peptide) NPY (Neuropeptide Y), Noradrenaline GnRH, GABA, Galanin, Ghrelin Orexins A and B Endorphins, Endocannabinoids Anti-orexigenic (Appetite supressant) peptides Mnemonic: NO BLACk PIGS Neurotensin Oxytocin, Oxyntomodulin Bombesin… Read More
Mnemonic: Boat starts and PRASaD DIVEs 1. pre-Botzinger complex Starts respiratory rhythm (pacemaker): Boat Starts Location: Between nucleus ambiguus and lateral reticular nucleus (upper medulla) 2. Pneumotaxic center Represses Apneustic center: PR-A Location: Upper pons (Nucleus parabrachialis and Kolliker-fuse nucleus) 3. Apneustic center Stimulates DRG:… Read More
Mnemonic: BATS Drink Blood – in sleep 1. Awake with eyes open: Beta wave (highest frequency and lowest amplitude) 2. Awake with eyes closed: Alpha wave (synchronized brain activity) 3. NREM/Slow wave/Orthodox sleep (70-80%): Stage 1 (light sleep): Theta waves Stage 2 (intermediate): Sleep spindles… Read More
Origin: C(7), C8, T1 (Brachial plexus) Course: Axilla: Medial to axillary artery and lateral to axillary vein (between axillary artery and vein) Arm: Medial to brachial artery and pierces medial intermuscular septum – no branch in arm Elbow: Behind medial epicondyle Forearm: Between 2 heads… Read More
Origin C5-T1 (Brachial plexus) Course Axilla: Starts in axilla (lateral or anterior to axillary artery) Arm: Runs along with brachial artery – initially lateral to it (in arm) and later medial to it (cubital fossa) Forearm: Enters the forearm between 2 heads of pronator teres… Read More
