Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) Score is used to assess bilirubin induced encephalopathy in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Johnson et al developed the BIND score to help identify an infant who requires more aggressive monitoring and management. The scoring system has 3 parameters: 1. Cry pattern 2. Behavior and mental status…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Linea Aspera
Linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the shaft of femur which serves as a site for attachment of muscles and intermuscular septum. The various structures attached to linea aspera can be remembered using few mnemonics: Mnemonic 1#: 1, 2, 3 It gives attachment…
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Breast Engorgement in Newborns : Galactorrhea or Witch’s Milk
Scenario Concerned parents appear in the Out patient Department, with a newborn who has bilateral breast engorged and obviously secreting milk. Parents had tried to squeeze the milk out but instead the breast got further engorged. Few months before a neonate was admitted for Intravenous antibiotics for similar problem, after…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Stress, Strain, Viscoelastic behavior
Stress or load: Force over area (has units of Newton per square metre) Strain or deformation: Change in length over original length caused by applied stress or load (unitless and expressed as ratio or percentage) Mnemonic: If your boss is under a lot of stress, his personality changes (strain) A….
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Where, When, How and Now What? Congenitally missing teeth
1st published in Pedchrome on February 5, 2015. The perfect smile on a parent’s face rotates to a frown when they are informed that their child may have a smaller number of teeth than normal. The total number of teeth in the primary dentition is 20 and that in the…
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Cooperation for Improvement of Oral Health in Children in Nepal
1st Published in Pedchrome on November 8, 2014. Childhood is considered the golden period of life, but it is also a phase when diseases are lurking in every nook and corner to attack these tiny buds. Like systemic diseases there are a number of oral health problems that affect children…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pressure Sores and Bed Sores
A pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device. Normal capillary refill is 16-33 mmHg. Ischemia occurs with prolonged pressure >33 mmHg: Ischial tuberosity: >100 mmHg during sitting Sacral region: 40-60 mmHg in…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Motor March Phenomenon
Motor march phenomenon is a sign of reinnervation like Hoffman-Tinel’s sign which has been discussed earlier. Observed in: Axonotmesis Repaired Neurotmesis Not observed in: Neuropraxia Motor march phenomenon: As the re-innervation of injured nerve proceeds, the muscles nearest to the site of injury recovers first followed by distal ones sequentially…