Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) cause non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. Type 1: H+ excretion defect (A proton or 1st element of periodic table) This occurs in distal tubule (hence, distal defect) K+ is excreted instead of H+ causing Hypokalemia. Distal tubule H+ is non-functioning – urine pH >5.5. Chronic acidosis leads…
Blog
Decemeber Rose : A Short Movie by Medical Students
This movie was created in 2008 using simple camera and software. Back then short movies were not in trend like now. Inspired by the story “The House Call”, this movie artistically portrays an eternal friendship through time and illness. Story Doctor’s monologue: “Life is like a cigarette. It starts with…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Pelvis X-ray : Simplified Approach
Views AP pelvis: patient supine and the x-ray beam oriented 90 degrees to the patient’s long axis, passing through the patient from anterior to posterior Pubic symphysis and coccyx in straight line in middle of screen with 1-3cm between superior pubic symphysis and tip of coccyx Greater and lesser trochanters…
Blog
Clouds – Zach Sobiech, Music and Osteosarcoma
Zach was diagnosed with osteosarcoma at the age of 14 (2009). He underwent multiple cycles of chemotherapy and surgeries until he was diagnosed with terminal disease in 2012. In 2013, at the age of 18, he succumbed to his illness. “Clouds” movie (named after his song) released in 2020 tells…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Nipah virus
Nipah virus is closely related to, but distinct from Hendra virus. Family: Paramyxoviridae Genus: Henipavirus History: A Nipah epidemic of viral encephalitis, complicated by respiratory failure, occurred in Malaysia in 1998 and 1999, causing 265 infections and 105 fatalities (93% had occupational exposure to pigs). An associated outbreak among abbatoir…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Definition of terms in Psychiatry
1. Speech: Ideas, thoughts, feelings expressed through language 2. Emotion: Complex phenomenon involving reactions in 3 different components: Feeling experienced by subject (joy, sadness, anger) Behavioral (expressive component) Autonomic and endocrine component 3. Affect: Objective outward expression of the immediate cross-section emotion at a given time 4. Mood: Sustained pervasive…
Blog
Micronutrient Deficiency: What to Know and Why you Should Consider a Test
Everyone wants to lead a healthy lifestyle, but for many people, it’s not something that is so straight forward. We all know that it’s important to follow a healthy balanced diet, without too much sugar, as well as taking regular exercise. However due to a huge number of reasons, not…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Proptosis : Mnemonic based Approach
Proptosis refers to the forward displacement of the eyeball beyond the orbital margin with the patient looking straight ahead. The term “Exopthalmos” is reserved for bilateral proptosis or proptosis due to thyroid eye disease. Proptosis can be evaluated using a mnemonic 15 “P”s. A) Pseudoproptosis ruled out: 1. Enlarged globe:…