Synonym: Adult onset tibial tubercle exostoses History: Pain over anterior surface of upper tibia Pain during running, jumping, squatting, kneeling and descending stairs Usually no history of trauma, anterior knee pain or Osgood-Schlatter disease Physical examination: Tenderness over hypertrophic tibial tubercle Quadriceps tightness (Ely’s test) X-rays: AP, lateral and tangential…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Swan neck deformity vs Boutonniere deformity
Alterations in the relationships between the balanced extrinsic and intrinsic musculature of the hand due to trauma or secondary to the effects of systemic disease may cause the development of functional deformities such as a boutonnière or swan-neck deformity. Swan-neck deformity Boutonniere deformity Deformity PIPJ Hyperextension PIPJ Flexion DIPJ Flexion…
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4 Ways To Help A Child With Autism Navigate The World
When your child or a child close to you is diagnosed with Autism, you know that they’re already experiencing the world differently from the average person and need additional support. But you may be unsure how to give them the best support to navigate their way through the world. Thankfully…
Surgical Skills 
Volar V-Y advancement flap for fingertip amputations
Indications Contraindications Advantages Disadvantage Tension (maximum tension occurs in mid portion of the defect) especially with large defects Blood supply of flap Oblique terminal branches of the digital arteries arising from the trifurcation of distal interphalangeal joint (a subcutaneous pedicle flap) Technique References:
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Management of Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) induced Hepatitis
Definition of ATT induced hepatitis ALT > 3 X Normal + Symptoms OR ALT > 5 X Normal without Symptoms Management of ATT induced hepatitis 1. Hold all TB drugs for 7-10 days. Wait before restarting ATT until: Symptoms: Resolve ALT <2.5 X Normal For severe TB, patients should be…
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4 Ways that Food Affects Your Health
People often have complicated relationships with food, and they also have different opinions on what purpose food should serve in our lives. While some may be of the opinion that food should only be used to fuel our bodies, others may disagree and think that food should always be a…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Osteoid Osteoma : Mnemonic
Epidemiology and Clinical features Mnemonic: LMNOP Lower extremity predilection (proximal femur > tibial diaphysis) Male predilection (2:1 to 3:1) Night pain relieved by NSAIDs (absent in osteoblastoma) Osteogenic benign tumor Prostaglandins (PGE2) and Cyclooxygenase (COX1 and 2) release by nidus (explains night pain and response to NSAIDs) 3 Concentric layers…
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What is Cosmetic Plastic Surgery?
Cosmetic plastic surgery involves a range of procedures that are performed to change somebody’s appearance. Surgical procedures might be done on the face, upper body, or lower body, depending on the needs of the individual. For example, some people choose to get cosmetic plastic surgery to change their body shape….