Periphery of physis: The physis is connected to the epiphysis and metaphysis peripherally via: Blood supply of physis: There are three sources of blood supply to the physis: the epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and perichondral circulations. Zones of physis: Zones Characteristics Functions Blood supply Diseases Epiphysis Epiphyseal artery Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (MED) Physis 1….
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Wolff’s law and Hueter-Volkmann law
Bone remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix through the osteoblasts that subsequently become mineralized. There are 2 prominent concepts of bone remodelling: 1. Hueter-Volkmann law or Delpech’s law: It states that bone growth in the skeletally immature is inhibited in…
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Using Red Light Therapy In Rheumatology: Addressing Joint Pain And Inflammation
Red light therapy (RLT), also known as photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy, is gaining recognition for its potential to alleviate joint pain and inflammation in rheumatological conditions. This non-invasive treatment uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to stimulate cellular processes that promote healing. Image from Mpls.St.Paul Magazine Arthritis,…
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Wake-Up Call: What Working Atypical Hours Can Do To Your Health
If you’re a student or professional who works different hours than the typical nine to five, it’s important to understand the ways that your out-of-the-ordinary schedule can affect your health. Working atypical hours has become increasingly prevalent in today’s fast-paced professional landscape. Whether you’re working overnight in security, doing early…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Eponyms in Tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-systemic, granulomatous disease caused by the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is also known as Koch’s bacillus. Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1. Ghon focus or lesion: Subpleural fibro-caseous lesion of lung parenchyma (common site is upper part of lower lobe or lower part of upper lobe) 2. Ghon’s…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Surgical Site Infection Risk Factors : Mnemonic
Various types of surgical site infection (SSI) have been defined by CDC. Patient related factors Mnemonic: WASHING 1. Weight: Obesity (>20% of ideal body weight) 2. Antibiotic resistant skin flora: MRSA colonization 3. Advancing age 4. Smoking 5. HIV and other immune deficiency conditions 6. Infection coexisting at other sites…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Metaphyseal lesions : Differential Diagnoses
Lesions Age Demographics Site Presentation Imaging Treatment Comments Acute Osteomyelitis Bimodal (<2 years and 8-12 years) M:F = 2:1 Distal femur, Proximal tibia Pain, refusal to bear weight, erythema, warmth, fluctuance, tenderness Lags 2 weeks behindDestruction of bone, periosteal reaction (lamellated, hair on end), new bone formation 1. Antibiotics2. Surgical…
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5 Ways to Encourage Positive Mental Health Habits in Children
Discussions and awareness around mental health have increased significantly in recent years, but many people still feel a stigma around the topic, and consequently struggle to talk about it — this can be even harder when you’re talking to children, who might not have the vocabulary or capacity for understanding…