Skip to content
Epomedicine
Epomedicine

Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

  • Medical Students
  • Bedside Clinics
  • Case Reports
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Blog
  • Surgical Skills
  • Medical Mnemonics
Epomedicine

Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

inferior wall stemi ecg

GRACE, HEART and TIMI score Mnemonics : Cardiac Chest Pain Risk Stratification

Epomedicine, Oct 18, 2020Oct 18, 2020

Last updated on October 18, 2020

inferior wall stemi ecg

GRACE Score

Mnemonic: GRACE

A. Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events

B. Renal: Creatinine

C. Age

D. Cardiac:

  • Heart rate
  • Systolic blood pressure
  • Cardiac arrest at admission
  • Killip class:
    • I – No CHF
    • II – Basal rales and/or JVD
    • III – Pulmonary edema
    • IV – Cardiogenic shock

E. ECG and Enzyme:

  • ST segement deviation on ECG
  • Abnormal cardiac enzymes

For GRACE 6 month risk score:

2 varibales are not used:

  1. Killip class
  2. Cardiac arrest at admission

3 other variables are used:

  1. History of congestive heart failure
  2. History of myocardial infarction
  3. No in-hospital PCI

HEART score

Mnemonic: HEART

a. History:

  • 2: Highly suggestive of cardiac origins
  • 1: Moderately suspicious
  • 0: Slightly suspicious

b. ECG:

  • 2: Significant ST depression
  • 1: Non-specific repolarization differences
  • 0: Normal

c. Age:

  • 2: >65 years
  • 1: 45-65 years
  • 0: <45 years

d. Risk factors:

  • 2: 3 or more risk factors or history of atherosclerotic disease
  • 1: 1-2 risk factors
  • 0: No known risk factors

e. Troponin:

  • 2: >3 x normal limit
  • 1: 1-3 x normal limit
  • 0: Within normal limit

Interpretation:

HEART score <4: Low risk (0.9-1.7%) of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) at 6 weeks (Can be considered for direct ED discharge or early discharge)

HEART score 4-6: Moderate risk (12-16.6%) of MACE at 6 weeks (Recommend admission for medical optimization and further workup)

HEART score >6: High tisk (50-65%) of MACE at 6 weeks (Recommend advancing for early coronary angiogram)

TIMI Score

Mnemonic: AMERICA

  1. Age (greater than 65 years)
  2. Markers (raised serum cardiac markers)
  3. ECG (ST segment depression ≥0.5 mm at presentation)
  4. Risk factors (atleast 3 for coronary artery disease)
  5. Ischemia (atleast 2 anginal events previous 24 hours)
  6. Coronary stenosis (prior stenosis of 50% or more)
  7. Aspirin (use in previous 7 days)

1 point for each risk factor (maximum score 7).

Interpretation:

  1. Low risk: 0-2
  2. Intermediate risk: 3-4
  3. High risk: 5-7
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS Cardiovascular systemInternal medicine

Post navigation

Previous post
Next post

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Epomedicine. GRACE, HEART and TIMI score Mnemonics : Cardiac Chest Pain Risk Stratification [Internet]. Epomedicine; 2020 Oct 18 [cited 2025 Jun 16]. Available from: https://epomedicine.com/medical-students/grace-heart-timi-score-mnemonics/.

Pre-clinical (Basic Sciences)

Anatomy

Biochemistry

Community medicine (PSM)

Embryology

Microbiology

Pathology

Pharmacology

Physiology

Clinical Sciences

Anesthesia

Dermatology

Emergency medicine

Forensic

Internal medicine

Gynecology & Obstetrics

Oncology

Ophthalmology

Orthopedics

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

Pediatrics

Psychiatry

Radiology

Surgery

RSS Ask Epomedicine

  • What to study for Clinical examination in Orthopedics?
  • What is the mechanism of AVNRT?

Epomedicine weekly

  • About Epomedicine
  • Contact Us
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit Article
  • Editorial Board
  • USMLE
  • MRCS
  • Thesis
©2025 Epomedicine . All rights reserved.