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Mnemonics, Simplified Concepts & Thoughts

Epomedicine Question and Answers

Last updated on February 23, 2023



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Recent Questions and Answers

  • What to study for Clinical examination in Orthopedics?
    Jun 20, 2024
    Asked and answered by EpomedicineThere are various books for musculoskeletal assessment. One such book by Epomedicine is "Orthopedic Examination – A step by step guide".This book has four sections: Section […]
  • What is the mechanism of AVNRT?
    May 22, 2024
    Asked by Anonymous AV node contains 2 pathways:1. Alpha pathway (Slow):Slow conductionShort refractory period2. Beta pathway (Fast):Fast conductionLong refractory periodNormal condition: Anterograde conduction occurs down the fast pathwayAtrial extrasystole:An extrasystole during […]
  • What nerve fibers are affected by substance P?
    May 21, 2024
    Asked by Anonymous Once the nerve ending catch noxious stimuli such as chemical irritants, heat, cold stimuli, (black arrow) to substance P-containing nerve fibers, substance P has a capable of transmitting […]
  • How does NAC work in Paracetamol Poisoning?
    May 20, 2024
    Asked by PS Acetaminophen (Paracetamol or PCM) has 4 fates in the body:1. Glucuronide conjugation (45-55%): Non-toxic2. Sulfate conjugation (35-45%): Non-toxic3. Oxidation to NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quione imine) by CYP450 2E1 (5-10%): Toxic4. […]
  • What is ulnar paradox?
    May 4, 2024
    Asked by FCU Ulnar nerve injury results in clawing of hands. Clawing is characterized by:Hyperextension of MCP joints: Unopposed action of extensors (lumbricals paralyzed)Injury at wrist (lower level):FDP spared: Flexion of […]
  • Why plasma urea concentration rises in Dehydration and Pre-renal AKI?
    Oct 9, 2023
    Asked by BertrandBoth the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the inner medullary collecting duct are relatively permeable to urea, whereas the thin descending and thick ascending […]
  • What is heart dominance?
    Aug 8, 2023
    Asked by Muzzler Heart dominance refers to whether an individual heart receives most of its blood from either the right or left coronary arteries.To determine whether the individual is right or […]
  • What is the difference between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty?
    Jul 30, 2023
    Asked by MM Two different percutaneous minimally invasive vertebral augmentation methods for cement application into the vertebral body for the management of symptomatic compression fractures without neurological impairment have been developed, […]
  • Why verapamil is contraindicated in severe heart failure?
    Jul 25, 2023
    Asked by Sera Verapamil is a non-DHP CCB which inhibits the entry of calcium ions into the slow L-type calcium channels in:a. Myocardium: Negative chronotropic and inotropic effectb. Coronary vascular smooth […]
  • Explain how the blood flows to the brain?
    Jul 25, 2023
    Asked by Anonymous The topics on Circle of Willis and the blood supply of brain has been covered in Epomedicine. You can refer to the following links for learning:1. Circle of Willis […]
  • What is Flynn criteria for Nonunion lateral humerus condyle?
    May 25, 2023
    Asked by Samar Flynn criteria for nonunion – if the fracture has not united by 12 weeksFlynn criteria for pre-requisites of surgical management in nonunion lateral humerus condyle:1. A large metaphyseal […]
  • What are the muscles of facial expressions?
    Feb 11, 2023
    Asked by Anonymous Source: OpenStack, CC BY-SA 4.0Smiling and laughing: Zygomaticus majorSadness: Levator labii superioris and levator angularisGrief: Depressor anguli orisAnger: Dilator naris and Depressor septiFrowning: Corrugator supercilli and procerusHorror, terror and […]
  • What are different schedules of drugs as per the D and C act?
    Feb 11, 2023
    Asked by Anonymous As per the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945, India -Schedule-C-C1: Biological and special productsList of Schedule-C-C1 drugsSchedule-D: Class of drugs and Extent and conditions of […]
  • When to stop antihypertensive before surgery?
    Jan 7, 2023
    Asked by Anonymous Antihypertensive medications (including clonidine) must be continued to the day of surgery other than diuretics, ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. These must be with-held the day before […]
  • What are the types of fever?
    Jan 7, 2023
    Asked by Anonymous Fever can be classified based on:1. Duration:AcuteSubacuteChronic2. Height of fever:Mild/low gradeModerate gradeHigh gradeHyperpyrexia3. Pattern of fever:ContinuousRemittentIntermittentPeriodicRecurrentFurther reading: Fever : Definition, Mechanism and Types | Epomedicine
  • How is dermatosis graded?
    Nov 25, 2022
    Asked by Anonymous Dermatosis is defined as a disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin that are acute (lasting days to weeks) or chronic (lasting months to years).Grades of dermatosis […]
  • What is the importance of Ligament of Bigelow?
    Nov 7, 2022
    Asked by Anonymous Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament or ligament of Bigelow):Stem of Y: attached to Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) Arms of Y: attached to upper and lower part of inter-trochanteric lineThe […]
  • What are the methods of hip joint aspiration?
    Nov 7, 2022
    Asked by Anonymous There are 3 different approaches to hip arthrocentesis:1. Lateral approach: Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle with the surface of the thigh just inferior and anterior to […]
  • What is corona mortis?
    Nov 5, 2022
    Asked by Swash Corona mortis (crown of death or circle of death) is the vascular anastomosis between the obturator artery (branch of internal iliac system) and the inferior epigastric artery or […]
  • How does McCormack load sharing classification determine level of spine fixation?
    Nov 5, 2022
    Asked by Anonymous McCormack load sharing classification takes into account, 3 different factors: AppositionComminutionDeformity correctionScore1point2 points3 pointsComminution/Sagittal collapse30%30-60%>60%Apposition of fragments1 mm2 mm> 2 mmDeformity (kyphosis) correction</= 3 degrees4-9 degrees>/= 10 degreesTotal3 points6 […]
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