Level Mnemonic Target population Goals Mode of intervention Primordial Prevent risk factors General population Prevent emergence of risk factors Health educationHealth promotion Primary Prevent disease General population Prevent disease onset Lifestyle modificationImmunization Secondary Screening Subclinical (asymptomatic) Prevent symptom onset Early diagnosisPrompt optimized & sustained care Tertiary Treatment Clinical (symptomatic) Prevent…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Drug Elimination Kinetics : Mnemonics
Zero-order First-order Amount of drug eliminated per unit time Constant amount Constant fraction (Mnemonic: first = fraction) Rate of elimination with plasma concentration Independent Directly proportional (greater the drug, greater is elimination) Elimination Capacity-limited, i.e. liver/kidney are saturated/maxed out on how much they can eliminate Flow-limited, i.e. liver/kidney are not…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Tension Band Wiring (TBW)
Tension Band Principle A tension band is any device placed on the tension side of an eccentrically loaded fracture that converts tensile load into compressive load. The convex side of the bone is under tension whereas the concave side is under compression. For a tension band to work, the fracture…
Blog 
Leadership in Healthcare: How to Set Yourself Apart From Your Peers
For healthcare students and professionals who want to advance their careers, distinguishing themselves from others as leaders is vital. It can be a challenge, as the healthcare industry typically makes for a competitive, and fast-paced environment, but it can be done. This article provides real-world strategies that help you to…
Blog 
Affordable Solutions for Managing Diabetes: Find Essential Supplies Online
Sadly, diabetes ranks high on the list of common health issues that Americans have to deal with. To provide a clearer perspective, diabetes (specifically type 2) ranks as the fifth most common health condition that adversely impacts life quality in the country. Making certain lifestyle changes ensures that people with…
Surgical Skills 
Geometry and Margins of Elliptical Excision
Ends of ellipse (Apical angles): Dimension of ellipse: Axis of ellipse: Margin of excision: Lesion type Surgical margin Uncertain Consider shave or punch biopsy to delineate prior to elliptical excision or start with 1- to 2-mm margins to avoid unnecessary tissue removal. Benign Visible lesion removed BCC 3–5 mm SCC 3–6 mm…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Wormian Bones
Wormian bones are abnormal ossicles that develop from extra ossification centers within the cranium. They are most frequently located in the lambdoid suture or the coronal suture, and have been seen in the fontanelles, particularly the posterior fontanelle. Commonest Cause Idiopathic (Anatomic variant) Other Causes Mnemonic: PORK CHOPS 1. Pyknodyostosis…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
AKI RIFLE Criteria Mnemonic
Stage GFR criteria Urine output criteria Mnemonic 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3 1. Risk Cr ↑ 1.5-2 XGFR ↓ 25-50% (>1/4) <0.5 ml/kg/hr X 6-12 (>1/4 day) 2. Injury Cr ↑ 2-3 XGFR ↓ >50-75% (>2/4) <0.5 ml/kg/hr X >12-24 hrs (>2/4 day) 3. Failure Cr ↑ >3…