TNM stage Duke’s stage Description 5 yr survival Surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherapy 0 – Tis, N0, M0 Limited to mucosa >95% Local excision/polypectomy → Surveillance No No Mnemonic I – T1-2, N0, M0 A A-Ok limited to bowel wall only 90% Wide surgical resection + Anastomosis No No II – T3-4,…
Author: Epomedicine
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Spleen, Liver, Kidney Trauma
Approach to abdominal trauma has been discussed earlier. Spleen Injury Liver Injury Kidney Injury General 2nd m/c injured intra-abdominal organ in blunt trauma m/c injury requiring operative intervention in blunt trauma m/c injured intra-abdominal organ overall m/c injured intra-abdominal organ in blunt trauma m/c from blunt trauma maximum warm ischemia…
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How to Make Your Travel Experience More Comfortable and Enjoyable
Travelling is exciting and can help you grow. It might also be difficult to maintain comfort and enjoyment. Consider using a few travel stress-reduction tactics to make your trips more enjoyable. Pack light and smart Packing efficiently is crucial to a comfortable trip. Packing too much might cause tension and…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Bacterial Food Poisoning
Mnemonic: AB-BC-CES Bacteria Vomiting Diarrhea Fever Food source Duration 1-6 hrs (Preformed toxins) Aureus (S. aureus) +++ +/- +/- Meats, dairy, bakery 24-48 hrs B. Cereus +++ +/- – Reheated fried rice 24 hrs 8-16 hrs B. Cereus (diarrheal toxin) +/- +++ – Meats, stews, gravy 24-48 hrs C. Perfringes…
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Can You Mitigate Male Baldness?
Male baldness, also called male pattern baldness, affects many men as they age. It involves a gradual thinning of the hair on the scalp, which can cause anxiety and frustration for those who experience it. Genetics has a role in determining who will be affected by male baldness. Some steps…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Unpaired Branches of Abdominal Aorta : Mnemonic
Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) Level T12 L1 L3 Branches LHS (Left Hand Side) MRI (distal to proximal) LeSS 1. Left gastric artery Middle colic artery Left colic artery 2. common Hepatic artery Right colic artery Sigmoid arteries 3. Splenic artery Ileocolic artery Superior rectal…
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Can Sleep Apnea be detected on EEG?
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterised by interruptions in breathing during sleep. Surprisingly, it’s a very common and often undiagnosed sleep disorder that affects many. While men and older individuals are particularly susceptible, sleep apnea often impacts even children, leading to behavioural issues and poor school performance. There are…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS
Inguinal Canal : Mnemonics
Walls of Inguinal Canal Mnemonic: SALP 2 X MALT Starting from superior, moving counterclockwise in order to posterior: 1. Superior (Roof): 2 Muscles (Internal oblique, Transverse abdominus) 2. Anterior: 2 Aponeuroses (External abdominal oblique, Internal abdominal oblique) 3. Lower (Floor): 2 Ligaments (Lacunar and Inguinal) 4. Posterior: 2 T‘s (conjoint…