Superficial and deep perineal space is located in the urogenital triangle, the boundaries of which are: Analogy: Remember a big mac. It has 3 layers of BUN and 2 hamburger PATTIES. Posteriorly, all 3 Fascias are attached to the perineal body, closing the spaces. Superficial Perineal Space Mnemonics: 1. Superficial…
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What Does a DOT Physical Consist Of?
A DOT physical is a medical exam that is a requirement for people who drive commercial vehicles. The point of a DOT physical is to make sure that anyone who is or will be driving commercial motor vehicles is physically, mentally, and emotionally fit to perform this activity without risks…
Emergency Medicine 
Aortic dissection
Risk factors Mnemonic: ABCDE Pathophysiology Intimal tear allows blood to enter between intima-media space creating a false lumen. Blood may propagate proximal or distal to tear. Clinical features Investigations Classification and Management Stanford DeBakey Description Frequency Management Mnemonic: BAD Mnemonic: A for A; B for B A (Ascending aorta involved)…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
HIV Replication and Antiretroviral Drugs
HIV Replication and Antiretroviral Mechanism of Action Mnemonic: AFRITAB 1. Attachment (to CD4 cells) 2. Fusion (enters CD4 cells and dump it’s contents – RNA and reverse transcriptase) 3. Reverse transcription (1 strand RNA becomes 2 strand DNA) 4. Integration (HIV DNA integrates into human’s CD4 cell’s DNA) 5. Transcription…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Gastric Acid Secretion Made Easy
Steps for gastric acid secretion by parietal cells 1. H+ and HCO3- are produced from CO2 and H2O. 2. H+ is secreted into the lumen by H+/K+ ATPase pump. 3. HCO3- moves out of the cell, across the basolateral membrane via antiport with Cl-. 4. Cl- diffuses passively into the…
Surgical Skills 
Syringe Suction Vacuum Drain : Technique
1. A small stab incision is made on skin with a no. 11 Blade where the drain is anticipated. 2. A feeding tube of an appropriate size or IV set tube with side holes is placed through the skin incision site to the desired site. 3. The tube is fixed…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Clarke’s test
Synonyms: Patellofemoral grind test, Patella hold test, Zohler’s sign Tests for: Patellofemoral dysfunction Patient position: Lying down with knees extended and relaxed (heels on table) Technique: 1. Place the webspace of thumb on the upper pole of patella and push it inferiorly. 2. Ask the patient to contract his/her quadriceps…
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Understanding Chronic Pain: Answers to Common Questions
Pain is an undeniable reality that each of us encounters at some point in life. While most pains are fleeting, vanishing once the underlying cause is addressed, there exists a tormenting kind that persists and takes a toll on every aspect of life. Chronic pain, the elusive agony that defies…