Types Most common cancer: Metastases Primary lung cancer: Type Frequency Location Association Features Small (oat) cell carcinoma 15% Sentral (central) Smoker Neuroendocrine differentiation (Kulchitsky cells)Aggressive (disseminate early – lymphadenopathy)Paraneoplastic syndrome (ACTH, ADH, Antibodies – Lambert eaton)InoperableChemosensitive Adenocarcinoma 40% Peripheral Non-smoker (most common) k-Ras, EGFR, ALK mutationsNodule/massHypertrophic osteoarthropathy (clubbing)Bronchio-alveolar subtype (pneumonia-like):…
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5 Medical Benefits of Using a Hospital Bed and Mattress
The environment where patients receive healthcare can greatly affect how quickly they recover and supply their overall quality of living. One of the elements is the hospital bed and mattress. These specialized mattresses have many healthful properties that cannot be found in traditional beds and mattresses. 1. Improved Pain Relief…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Flow-Volume Loop : Mnemonics
The flow-volume loop is a plot of inspiratory and expiratory flow (on the Y-axis) against volume (on the X-axis) during the performance of maximally forced inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers. Condition Mnemonic Flow-volume loop Features Obstructive lung disease (small airways) Shift to leftConcave/Scooped out expiratory flow (↓FEV 25-75%) ↑TLC and RV↓FEV1…
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A Better Balance: How to Manage Working & Studying at the Same Time
Why would you pursue further studies when you already have a job? For some, a burning desire to continue to learn, grow, and build on their personal development calls their name. For others, the opportunity for career progression, and a higher earning potential, is the main motivator. For example, if…
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Tips for Success in Online Pharmacy Tech Classes
The field of pharmacy technology is an exciting and rewarding career path, and taking pharmacy tech classes online offers a flexible and convenient way to gain the necessary knowledge and skills. However, online learning requires a different approach than traditional classroom settings. Here are some tips to help you succeed…
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Is Medical Billing and Coding School Right for You?
Entering the field of medical billing and coding can be a rewarding career choice for individuals interested in healthcare administration and data management. However, determining whether medical billing and coding school is the right path for you requires careful consideration of various factors. In this article, we’ll explore the key…
PGMEE, MRCS, USMLE, MBBS, MD/MS 
Antiarrhythmics Classification (Vaughan Williams)
Understand the conducting system of heart, cardiac action potential and pacemaker action potential. Mnemonic to remember Vaughan Williams classification for anti-arrhythmic – Some Block Potassium Channel DAAM! Mnemonic Class Mechanism of action Comments Example Use Some IA Sodium channel blocker (moderate)Intermediate action Moderate ↓ phase 0 slope↑ EFR & AP…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Communication Module for dealing with an Angry patient or relative
The basic structure for communication skills remains the same. Recall the mnemonic P I CX3. Take into considerations of following points during consultation. Mnemonic: AARRR! Mnemonic Heading Comment A Acknowledge 1. Acknowledge the problem2. Acknowledge the concerns3. Acknowledge and validate the emotions of the patient/relative A Apologize and Empathize Apologize for the…