Synonyms: Bulbospongiosus reflex (BSR), Osinski reflex Reflex arc: a. Stimulus: Briskly squeezing glans penis or clitoris or Tugging Foley’s catheter (pulling the balloon of foley’s catheter against the bladder neck) b. Afferent: Sensory fibers of pudendal nerve c. Reflex center: S2-S4 spinal segments (Polysynaptic) d. Efferent: Motor fibers of pudendal…
Category: Clinical Skills and Approaches
History taking and examination skills and Flowchart approaches to commonly encountered medical conditions and diseases.
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Sectoral Sign : AVN hip
The rotation of the hip must be assessed both with the hip in flexion and extension as well. In general, the range of motion for rotations are 5 to 10 degrees more in flexion compared to that in extension of hip. If the range of motion for rotation varies between…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
History Taking : A Basic Clinical Skill
As a Doc. whenever you treat a patient, the success of treatment depends upon whether you come up with the right diagnosis or at least a right set of differential diagnoses. To achieve the above mention goal the KEY is EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. And I can talk to you for an…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Donning and Doffing Sequence – Mnemonic
It’s Covid-19 pandemic and it seems like Covid is here to stay for a while. Donning (putting on) and Doffing (taking off) of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) have suddenly gained a great importance for the health professionals and many of us must have already practised this. RN Susan E. Sammons…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Add “ICE” to history – Patient’s perspective
In medical history taking, “ICE” is an acronym for trilogy of “Ideas”, “Concerns” and “Expectations” which is a doctor’s tool to assess the patient’s perspective of the presenting problem. There has been a shift towards patient centered approach and many patients tend to prefer a shared decision-making model which includes…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Simplified ASIA Impairment Scale
Check S4-5 S4-5: Perianal area <1 cm lateral to the mucocutaneous junction (taken as one level) 1. Sensory (-) and Motor (-): AIS A (Complete)i.e. N-0-0-0-0-N sign (No sacral sparing) 2. Sensory (+) and Motor (-): AIS Bi.e. Sensory (+) means any sensation present in S4/S5 or anal sensation Motor…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Cellulitis vs Early Osteomyelitis – Clinical features
Often, one may find difficulty differentiating cellulitis from osteomyelitis in a patient presenting with signs of inflammation localized to an extremity. There are few points that must be kept in the back of head, that will help us to differentiate these two entities. 1. Overlying skin findings: In osteomyelitis, the…
Clinical Skills and Approaches 
Finger test for Necrotizing Fascitis
Synonyms: Finger sweep test Finger test can be performed under Local anesthesia or General anesthesia in: Emergency department Bedside in wards Operation theaters Procedure: Area is infiltrated with local anesthetic A 2 cm test incision down to fascia is made in the suspected area The tissues are visually examined for:…