1. Duration: ≥1 months
2. ≥1 of Schneider’s 1st rank symptoms:
Mnemonic: ABCDE
a. Auditory hallucinations: Voices heard arguing (3rd person), Thought echo, Running commentary
b. Bizzare delusions: Voices coming from some part of the body
c. Control (Delusion of control): Somatic, Impulse, Volition, Affect (SIVA)
d. Delusional perception: A non-hallucinated/true perception whose meaning is significant or triggers a delusional thought system
e. I(e)nterference of thoughts: Insertion, withdrawl, broadcasting
OR
3. ≥2 of the following: ABCD
a. Persistent hallucinations without clear AFFECTIVE content
b. BREAK in train of thought: incoherent or irrelevant speech or neologism
c. Significant and consistent BEHAVIOR change
d. CATATONIC behaviors
Mnemonic: WRENCHES
- Waxy flexibility (Patient’s limb can be placed in awkward posture and remain fixed in position for long time despite asking to relax)
- Rigidity
- Echopraxia (Imitation by the patient of interviewer’s movements)
- Negativism (Gegenhalten is opposition of passive movements by patient with a force equal to that being applied; Negativism is an extreme form of gegenhalten – motiveless resistance to suggestion/attempts of movements)
- Catalepsy (Motor symptom of schizophrenia same as waxy flexibility)
- High level of motor activity
- Echolalia (Repetition by the patient of the interviewer’s words/phrases)
- Stupor, Stereotypy (Regular, repetitive non-goal directed movements)
e. DEDUCTIVE (Negative) symptoms: 5 “A“s
- Alogia (poverty of speech)
- Anhedonia (Inability to experience pleasure)
- Affective blunting
- Asociality
- Attention impairment